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Deterministic versus probabilistic r...

White, Chris M.

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Deterministic versus probabilistic responding in multiple-cue probability learning.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Deterministic versus probabilistic responding in multiple-cue probability learning./
作者:	White, Chris M.
面頁冊數:	100 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-06, Section: B, page: 3438.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International66-06B.
標題:	Health Sciences, Education. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NR02958
ISBN:	9780494029589

Deterministic versus probabilistic responding in multiple-cue probability learning.
White, Chris M.

Deterministic versus probabilistic responding in multiple-cue probability learning. - 100 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-06, Section: B, page: 3438.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waterloo (Canada), 2005.

Response strategies in multiple-cue probability learning were investigated in five experiments involving a simulated medical diagnosis task. A hypothetical patient was presented on each trial and the participant either chose which of two diseases the patient was more likely to have or judged the probability that the patient had a designated disease. Feedback regarding which disease the patient had followed each response. The objective probability of each disease could be calculated by combining the evidence given by the four present absent symptoms that each patient displayed and the overall prevalence of each disease.

ISBN: 9780494029589Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017921
Health Sciences, Education.

Deterministic versus probabilistic responding in multiple-cue probability learning.
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245 1 0 $a Deterministic versus probabilistic responding in multiple-cue probability learning.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-06, Section: B, page: 3438.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waterloo (Canada), 2005.
520 $a Response strategies in multiple-cue probability learning were investigated in five experiments involving a simulated medical diagnosis task. A hypothetical patient was presented on each trial and the participant either chose which of two diseases the patient was more likely to have or judged the probability that the patient had a designated disease. Feedback regarding which disease the patient had followed each response. The objective probability of each disease could be calculated by combining the evidence given by the four present absent symptoms that each patient displayed and the overall prevalence of each disease.
520 $a To select the choices, participants could have used a deterministic strategy (the same choice is always selected when the same symptom pattern is presented) or a probabilistic strategy (each choice is selected with a certain probability given each symptom pattern). Previous researchers have inferred which response strategy participants used by comparing the choice probabilities (the proportion of trials on which each choice was selected given each symptom pattern) to the objective probabilities. This comparison rests on the assumption that the subjective probabilities (on which the choices must be based) equal the objective probabilities. In multiple-cue probability learning tasks, however, previous research suggests that this assumption is unlikely to hold. In addition, if there is variability in assessing the probability of each hypothesis/outcome, then the assumption that using the deterministic strategy will result in the same choice always being selected when the same cue pattern is presented is also incorrect.
520 $a The current research develops a new method for assessing whether participants are using a deterministic or probabilistic strategy to select choices in a multiple-cue probability learning task. Each participant's choice probabilities were compared to his/her judged probabilities. Results indicated that a deterministic strategy must have been used by some participants to select at least some of the choices because choice probabilities were consistently more extreme than judged probabilities across the five experiments. Evidence is also given in support of the two assumptions that underlie this comparison: Probability judgments are assumed to be a direct reflection of the subjective probabilities and to be based on the same underlying hypothesis evaluation processes as choices.
520 $a Each participant's choice probabilities were predicted based on his/her judged probabilities. The variability in the judged probabilities was taken as an estimate of the amount of variability in the underlying judgment process. The choice probabilities of approximately half of the participants were better fit by assuming a deterministic strategy, and approximately half were better fit by assuming a probabilistic strategy. There was no evidence of a shift in response strategies with increased training (up to 400 trials). Although the choice probabilities did become more extreme, modeling results showed that this is a predictable consequence of the variability decreasing and extremity increasing in the hypothesis evaluation process with training, as was observed in the judged probabilities.
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