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Expertise in nurses' clinical judgme...

Christie, Lynda Ann.

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Expertise in nurses' clinical judgments: The role of cognitive variables and experience.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Expertise in nurses' clinical judgments: The role of cognitive variables and experience./
作者:	Christie, Lynda Ann.
面頁冊數:	318 p.
附註:	Advisers: Patricia Arlin; Nand Kishor.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International57-12B.
標題:	Health Sciences, Education. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NN14736
ISBN:	9780612147362

Expertise in nurses' clinical judgments: The role of cognitive variables and experience.
Christie, Lynda Ann.

Expertise in nurses' clinical judgments: The role of cognitive variables and experience. - 318 p.

Advisers: Patricia Arlin; Nand Kishor.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996.

Many researchers have failed to find a relationship between experience and judgment accuracy. In this study the purpose was to understand the relationship between experience and expertise in clinical judgment. Common sense suggests that experienced subjects make better quality judgments, compared to novices. Clinical judgments, however, are ill-structured and characterized by uncertainty; they take place in a dynamic context, with delayed or nonexistent feedback and are difficult to learn.

ISBN: 9780612147362Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017921
Health Sciences, Education.

Expertise in nurses' clinical judgments: The role of cognitive variables and experience.
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020 $a 9780612147362
035 $a (UMI)AAINN14736
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100 1 $a Christie, Lynda Ann. $3 1275246
245 1 0 $a Expertise in nurses' clinical judgments: The role of cognitive variables and experience.
300 $a 318 p.
500 $a Advisers: Patricia Arlin; Nand Kishor.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 57-12, Section: B, page: 7718.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996.
520 $a Many researchers have failed to find a relationship between experience and judgment accuracy. In this study the purpose was to understand the relationship between experience and expertise in clinical judgment. Common sense suggests that experienced subjects make better quality judgments, compared to novices. Clinical judgments, however, are ill-structured and characterized by uncertainty; they take place in a dynamic context, with delayed or nonexistent feedback and are difficult to learn.
520 $a Cognitive operations that translate "cues" (such as risk factors, signs, and symptoms) into judgments are not fully understood. Cognitive constructs (conceptual structure, sensitivity to patterns in data, and judgment process) and individual differences in age, education, and experience were explored to identify their relationship to judgment expertise. Indicators of judgment quality were: accuracy, consistency, latency, confidence, calibration, and knowledge accessibility.
520 $a In phase 1 of this study, cues were identified that best predicted healing time for 258 surgical patients with abdominal incisions. In Phase 2, the subjects were 36 nurses with a range of experience caring for surgical patients. Generating both quantitative and qualitative data, subjects made judgments about incisional healing on the basis of information from actual patients. Multidimensional scaling was used to reveal conceptual structure, and lens modeling was applied to assess sensitivity to broad patterns. An information board task with think-aloud protocols demonstrated judgment process. The selection of tasks was based on their analysis- or intuition-inducing features, using K. R. Hammond's (1990) cognitive continuum theory.
520 $a Experience accounted for a only a small proportion of variance in performance, whereas confidence in judgment was more strongly related to experience. Taken together, these findings replicated previous research. Protocol data showed that metacognition, knowledge accessibility, and reflectivity increased with experience. Conceptual structure predicted judgment accuracy under intuitive conditions. Support was found for Dreyfus and Dreyfus' (1986) hypothesized transition in cognition, from deliberate processing of discrete cues, to intuitive processing of patterns of cues encoded in memories for specific cases.
520 $a This study has theoretical significance by adding to knowledge about clinical judgment, and by increasing understanding of cognitive changes associated with expertise. This study has practical significance in providing direction for the development of teaching methods aimed to increase learning from experience in probabilistic contexts.
590 $a School code: 2500.
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Education. $3 1017921
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Nursing. $3 1017798
650 4 $a Psychology, Clinical. $3 524864
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710 2 $a The University of British Columbia (Canada). $3 626643
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 57-12B.
790 $a 2500
790 1 0 $a Arlin, Patricia, $e advisor
790 1 0 $a Kishor, Nand, $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1996
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NN14736