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Nutritional Strategies to Manage Challenges of Multiple Mycotoxins in Feeds for Nursery Pigs.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Nutritional Strategies to Manage Challenges of Multiple Mycotoxins in Feeds for Nursery Pigs./
作者:	Holanda, Debora Muratori.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	241 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-10B.
標題:	Diet. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28392949
ISBN:	9798708710567

Nutritional Strategies to Manage Challenges of Multiple Mycotoxins in Feeds for Nursery Pigs.
Holanda, Debora Muratori.

Nutritional Strategies to Manage Challenges of Multiple Mycotoxins in Feeds for Nursery Pigs. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 241 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Aflatoxins and Fusarium toxins are the most prevalent mycotoxins and are responsible for major losses in the pig industry. For instance, such losses are estimates in $1.4 billion a year in the United States considering agriculture and livestock impacts. Mycotoxins of great interest are aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisins, because of their elevated global frequency and high occurrence in corn, which is the main feedstuff in pig diets. The toxic effects of aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisins are more pronounced in young pigs and include immune modulation, intestinal barrier disruption, and cell toxicity, resulting in impaired pig performance. Mycotoxin mitigators are a current need to enable sustainable use of feedstuffs and feeds while reducing the detrimental effects of mycotoxins. Dietary additives to mitigate mycotoxicosis often combine organic and inorganic sources to enhance individual adsorbability, immune stimulation, or ability to render mycotoxins less toxic. An emphasis is given to deoxynivalenol because of its frequency (up to 95%) and the lack of an efficient mitigator. Besides, a current trend in swine production is the use of non-artificial feed additives. Thus, the use of yeast-based products is preferred to chemicals or industrialized products as mycotoxin mitigators.In the first study the effects of mycotoxins, of a yeast-based additive (PYCW; Nicholasville, KY, USA), and of PYCW in mitigating mycotoxin toxic effects in newly-weaned pigs were investigated. Forty-eight newly-weaned pigs (21-d-old) were individually assigned to four dietary treatments following a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were: dietary mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol: supplemental 2000 μg/kg in 3 phases; and aflatoxin: supplemental 200 μg/kg only in phase 3) and PYCW (0.2%). The outcomes showed that mycotoxins impaired growth performance and nutrient digestibility in newly-weaned pigs, whereas PYCW could partially improve pig health regardless of mycotoxin challenge.The second study investigated the efficacy of yeast-based mycotoxin mitigators on the health and growth performance of newly-weaned pigs (27-d-old) challenged with deoxynivalenol. Sixty pigs were individually assigned to five treatments: NC (negative control, 1.2 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol); PC (positive control, 3.2 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol); CYC (PC + clay/yeast culture-based product, 0.2%); CYE (PC + clay/yeast cell wall/plant extracts/antioxidants-based product, 0.2%); and CYB (PC + clay/inactivated yeast/botanicals/antioxidants-based product, 0.2%). Deoxynivalenol increased the oxidative stress but moderately impaired the health and growth performance of pigs. The mycotoxin mitigators could partially overcome deoxynivalenol toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing immune function and gut health.The third study investigated the effects of a yeast and enzyme-based mycotoxin mitigator (MegaFix®️, ICC, Sao Paulo, Brazil) on the health and growth of newly-weaned pigs challenged with deoxynivalenol. Thirty-six pigs (27-d-old) were individually assigned to 3 treatments: CON (minimal deoxynivalenol), MT (supplemental 1.9 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), and MT+D (MT + mycotoxin mitigator, 0.2%). Deoxynivalenol did not impact growth but increased oxidative stress and partially debilitated the hepatic health of pigs. The mycotoxin mitigator enhanced hepatic health and attenuated gut damage in pigs fed deoxynivalenol.The fourth study investigated the effects of mycotoxin challenge on the growth and health of pigs with different weaning weights. Out of 106 weanling pigs, 10 were sampled on d 0. Ninety-six pigs were allotted to four treatments following a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with 3 pigs per pen. Factors were: weaning weight, light ( 9.0 kg); and dietary mycotoxin challenge, low or high (supplemental 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxins, 2.0 mg/kg deoxynivalenol). Light pigs had a more immature microbiome, higher intestinal immune activation, inflammation, and soft feces due to weaning stress. The higher intestinal immune activation, oxidative stress, and incidence of soft feces persisted in light pigs regardless of mycotoxin challenge. Mycotoxins caused intestinal inflammation and impaired growth performance regardless of weaning weight.In conclusion, yeast-based mycotoxin mitigators partially overcame the detrimental effects caused by mycotoxins on the health and growth of newly-weaned pigs. Light pigs have a less developed microbiome and are more susceptible to weaning stress impacts on gut health and growth. Light and heavy pigs were equivalently susceptible to mycotoxins. Although, more investigation is necessary to find an efficient mycotoxin mitigator to overcoming the toxic effects of mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol.

ISBN: 9798708710567Subjects--Topical Terms:

626002
Diet.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Mycotoxins

Nutritional Strategies to Manage Challenges of Multiple Mycotoxins in Feeds for Nursery Pigs.
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520 $a Aflatoxins and Fusarium toxins are the most prevalent mycotoxins and are responsible for major losses in the pig industry. For instance, such losses are estimates in $1.4 billion a year in the United States considering agriculture and livestock impacts. Mycotoxins of great interest are aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisins, because of their elevated global frequency and high occurrence in corn, which is the main feedstuff in pig diets. The toxic effects of aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisins are more pronounced in young pigs and include immune modulation, intestinal barrier disruption, and cell toxicity, resulting in impaired pig performance. Mycotoxin mitigators are a current need to enable sustainable use of feedstuffs and feeds while reducing the detrimental effects of mycotoxins. Dietary additives to mitigate mycotoxicosis often combine organic and inorganic sources to enhance individual adsorbability, immune stimulation, or ability to render mycotoxins less toxic. An emphasis is given to deoxynivalenol because of its frequency (up to 95%) and the lack of an efficient mitigator. Besides, a current trend in swine production is the use of non-artificial feed additives. Thus, the use of yeast-based products is preferred to chemicals or industrialized products as mycotoxin mitigators.In the first study the effects of mycotoxins, of a yeast-based additive (PYCW; Nicholasville, KY, USA), and of PYCW in mitigating mycotoxin toxic effects in newly-weaned pigs were investigated. Forty-eight newly-weaned pigs (21-d-old) were individually assigned to four dietary treatments following a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were: dietary mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol: supplemental 2000 μg/kg in 3 phases; and aflatoxin: supplemental 200 μg/kg only in phase 3) and PYCW (0.2%). The outcomes showed that mycotoxins impaired growth performance and nutrient digestibility in newly-weaned pigs, whereas PYCW could partially improve pig health regardless of mycotoxin challenge.The second study investigated the efficacy of yeast-based mycotoxin mitigators on the health and growth performance of newly-weaned pigs (27-d-old) challenged with deoxynivalenol. Sixty pigs were individually assigned to five treatments: NC (negative control, 1.2 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol); PC (positive control, 3.2 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol); CYC (PC + clay/yeast culture-based product, 0.2%); CYE (PC + clay/yeast cell wall/plant extracts/antioxidants-based product, 0.2%); and CYB (PC + clay/inactivated yeast/botanicals/antioxidants-based product, 0.2%). Deoxynivalenol increased the oxidative stress but moderately impaired the health and growth performance of pigs. The mycotoxin mitigators could partially overcome deoxynivalenol toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing immune function and gut health.The third study investigated the effects of a yeast and enzyme-based mycotoxin mitigator (MegaFix®️, ICC, Sao Paulo, Brazil) on the health and growth of newly-weaned pigs challenged with deoxynivalenol. Thirty-six pigs (27-d-old) were individually assigned to 3 treatments: CON (minimal deoxynivalenol), MT (supplemental 1.9 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), and MT+D (MT + mycotoxin mitigator, 0.2%). Deoxynivalenol did not impact growth but increased oxidative stress and partially debilitated the hepatic health of pigs. The mycotoxin mitigator enhanced hepatic health and attenuated gut damage in pigs fed deoxynivalenol.The fourth study investigated the effects of mycotoxin challenge on the growth and health of pigs with different weaning weights. Out of 106 weanling pigs, 10 were sampled on d 0. Ninety-six pigs were allotted to four treatments following a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with 3 pigs per pen. Factors were: weaning weight, light ( 9.0 kg); and dietary mycotoxin challenge, low or high (supplemental 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxins, 2.0 mg/kg deoxynivalenol). Light pigs had a more immature microbiome, higher intestinal immune activation, inflammation, and soft feces due to weaning stress. The higher intestinal immune activation, oxidative stress, and incidence of soft feces persisted in light pigs regardless of mycotoxin challenge. Mycotoxins caused intestinal inflammation and impaired growth performance regardless of weaning weight.In conclusion, yeast-based mycotoxin mitigators partially overcame the detrimental effects caused by mycotoxins on the health and growth of newly-weaned pigs. Light pigs have a less developed microbiome and are more susceptible to weaning stress impacts on gut health and growth. Light and heavy pigs were equivalently susceptible to mycotoxins. Although, more investigation is necessary to find an efficient mycotoxin mitigator to overcoming the toxic effects of mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol.
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