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Calcium bioavailability of functiona...

Zhao, Yongdong.

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Calcium bioavailability of functional foods and discovery of novel bone biomarkers using serum proteomic approach.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Calcium bioavailability of functional foods and discovery of novel bone biomarkers using serum proteomic approach./
Author:	Zhao, Yongdong.
Description:	149 p.
Notes:	Adviser: Connie M. Weaver.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International68-10B.
Subject:	Health Sciences, Nutrition. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3287419
ISBN:	9780549300755

Calcium bioavailability of functional foods and discovery of novel bone biomarkers using serum proteomic approach.
Zhao, Yongdong.

Calcium bioavailability of functional foods and discovery of novel bone biomarkers using serum proteomic approach. - 149 p.

Adviser: Connie M. Weaver.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Purdue University, 2005.

Osteoporosis is a serious threat to public health. The quantity and quality of dietary calcium intake play important roles in osteoporosis prevention. Functional foods containing active components promoting calcium absorption or high-quality calcium are useful sources to maximize calcium utilization through dietary modification. In the first study, the acute and chronic effects of whey proteins on calcium and bone metabolism were evaluated in growing rats. In acute studies, whey protein concentrates significantly enhanced calcium absorption. However, in a subsequent chronic feeding study, the acute calcium absorption enhancing effect disappeared, likely through an adaptation. In the second study, calcium (Ca) bioavailability from Ca carbonate fortified soymilk and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) fortified soymilk was compared with cow's milk in young healthy women using the dual stable isotope technique. Fractional Ca absorption determined from 24-h urine samples showed that Ca carbonate fortified soymilk had similar Ca bioavailability as that of cow's milk, but both were significantly higher than that of TCP fortified soymilk. In addition to the direct measurement of calcium metabolism, treatments can be evaluated by bone markers including tracers and biomarkers specific to bone. In the third study, we tested two tracers, 45Ca and 3H-tetracycline, for their utility as bone resorption markers. Bone resorption rates determined from urinary 45Ca and 3 H-tetracycline using kinetic modeling were similar. 45 Ca and 3H labeling efficiencies were significantly higher in trabecular-rich bones than cortical-rich bones. In the fourth study, serum proteomics was used to discover novel bone biomarkers with hindlimb unloaded (HU) rats. Bisphosphonate plus HU (HUA) was used to separate bone biomarkers from non-specific changes to bone. Unloading significantly decreased femur BMD and BNIC and increased bone resorption rate (urinary 3H-tetracycline) compared to control. Two-dimensional gels were performed on serum samples and analyzed by PDQuest for spot matching. A total of 53 spots were differentially expressed among the 3 groups. Thirty protein spots that had significantly different quantities in the HU group than either the control and the HUA groups followed the changes observed from bone and urine results. However, cross-examination of potential biomarkers on other established bone models is essential to confirm the findings.

ISBN: 9780549300755Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017801
Health Sciences, Nutrition.

Calcium bioavailability of functional foods and discovery of novel bone biomarkers using serum proteomic approach.
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035 $a (UMI)AAI3287419
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100 1 $a Zhao, Yongdong. $3 1265001
245 1 0 $a Calcium bioavailability of functional foods and discovery of novel bone biomarkers using serum proteomic approach.
300 $a 149 p.
500 $a Adviser: Connie M. Weaver.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6595.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Purdue University, 2005.
520 $a Osteoporosis is a serious threat to public health. The quantity and quality of dietary calcium intake play important roles in osteoporosis prevention. Functional foods containing active components promoting calcium absorption or high-quality calcium are useful sources to maximize calcium utilization through dietary modification. In the first study, the acute and chronic effects of whey proteins on calcium and bone metabolism were evaluated in growing rats. In acute studies, whey protein concentrates significantly enhanced calcium absorption. However, in a subsequent chronic feeding study, the acute calcium absorption enhancing effect disappeared, likely through an adaptation. In the second study, calcium (Ca) bioavailability from Ca carbonate fortified soymilk and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) fortified soymilk was compared with cow's milk in young healthy women using the dual stable isotope technique. Fractional Ca absorption determined from 24-h urine samples showed that Ca carbonate fortified soymilk had similar Ca bioavailability as that of cow's milk, but both were significantly higher than that of TCP fortified soymilk. In addition to the direct measurement of calcium metabolism, treatments can be evaluated by bone markers including tracers and biomarkers specific to bone. In the third study, we tested two tracers, 45Ca and 3H-tetracycline, for their utility as bone resorption markers. Bone resorption rates determined from urinary 45Ca and 3 H-tetracycline using kinetic modeling were similar. 45 Ca and 3H labeling efficiencies were significantly higher in trabecular-rich bones than cortical-rich bones. In the fourth study, serum proteomics was used to discover novel bone biomarkers with hindlimb unloaded (HU) rats. Bisphosphonate plus HU (HUA) was used to separate bone biomarkers from non-specific changes to bone. Unloading significantly decreased femur BMD and BNIC and increased bone resorption rate (urinary 3H-tetracycline) compared to control. Two-dimensional gels were performed on serum samples and analyzed by PDQuest for spot matching. A total of 53 spots were differentially expressed among the 3 groups. Thirty protein spots that had significantly different quantities in the HU group than either the control and the HUA groups followed the changes observed from bone and urine results. However, cross-examination of potential biomarkers on other established bone models is essential to confirm the findings.
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