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Detection and localization of sounds...

Michigan State University.

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Detection and localization of sounds: Virtual tones and virtual reality.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Detection and localization of sounds: Virtual tones and virtual reality./
Author:	Zhang, Peter Xinya.
Description:	259 p.
Notes:	Adviser: William M. Hartmann.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International68-01B.
Subject:	Health Sciences, Audiology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3248636

Detection and localization of sounds: Virtual tones and virtual reality.
Zhang, Peter Xinya.

Detection and localization of sounds: Virtual tones and virtual reality. - 259 p.

Adviser: William M. Hartmann.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 2006.

Modern physiologically based binaural models employ internal delay lines in the pathways from left and right peripheries to central processing nuclei. Various models apply the delay lines differently, and give different predictions for the detection of dichotic pitches, wherein listeners hear a virtual tone in the noise background. Two dichotic pitch stimuli (Huggins pitch and binaural coherence edge pitch) with low boundary frequencies were used to test the predictions by two different models. The results from five experiments show that the relative dichotic pitch strengths support the equalization-cancellation model and disfavor the central activity pattern (CAP) model.Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018138
Health Sciences, Audiology.

Detection and localization of sounds: Virtual tones and virtual reality.
LDR:04632nam 2200301 a 45 001 858890
005 20100713
008 100713s2006 ||||||||||||||||| ||eng d
035 $a (UMI)AAI3248636
035 $a AAI3248636
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a Zhang, Peter Xinya. $3 1026020
245 1 0 $a Detection and localization of sounds: Virtual tones and virtual reality.
300 $a 259 p.
500 $a Adviser: William M. Hartmann.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-01, Section: B, page: 0335.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 2006.
520 $a Modern physiologically based binaural models employ internal delay lines in the pathways from left and right peripheries to central processing nuclei. Various models apply the delay lines differently, and give different predictions for the detection of dichotic pitches, wherein listeners hear a virtual tone in the noise background. Two dichotic pitch stimuli (Huggins pitch and binaural coherence edge pitch) with low boundary frequencies were used to test the predictions by two different models. The results from five experiments show that the relative dichotic pitch strengths support the equalization-cancellation model and disfavor the central activity pattern (CAP) model.
520 $a The CAP model makes predictions for the lateralization of Huggins pitch based on interaural time differences (ITD). By measuring human lateralization for Huggins pitches with two different types of phase boundaries (linear-phase and stepped phase), and by comparing with lateralization of sine-tones, it was shown that the lateralization of Huggins pitch stimuli is similar to that of the corresponding sine-tones, and the lateralizations of Huggins pitch stimuli with the two different boundaries were even more similar to one another. The results agreed roughly with the CAP model predictions. Agreement was significantly improved by incorporating individualized scale factors and offsets into the model, and was further unproved with a model including compression at large ITDs. Furthermore, ambiguous stimuli, with an interaural phase difference of 180 degrees, were consistently lateralized on the left or right based on individual asymmetries---which introduces the concept of "earedness".
520 $a Interaural phase difference (IPD) and interaural time difference (ITD) are two different forms of temporal cues. With varying frequency, an auditory system based on IPD or ITD gives different quantitative predictions on lateralization. A lateralization experiment with sine tones tested whether human auditory system is an IPD-meter or an ITD-meter. Listeners estimated the lateral positions of 50 sine tones with IPDs ranging from -150° to +150° and with different frequencies, all in the range where signal fine structure supports lateralization. The estimates indicated that listeners lateralize sine tones on the basis of ITD and not IPD.
520 $a In order to distinguish between sound sources in front and in back, listeners use spectral cues caused by the diffraction by pinna, head, neck and torso. To study this effect, the VRX technique was developed based on transaural technology. The technique was successful in presenting desired spectra into listeners' ears with high accuracy up to 16 kHz. When presented with real source and simulated virtual signal, listeners in an anechoic room could not distinguish between them. Eleven experiments on discrimination between front and back sources were carried out in an anechoic room. The results show several findings. First, the results support a multiple band comparison model, and disfavor a necessary band(s) model. Second, it was found that preserving the spectral dips was more important than preserving the spectral peaks for successful front/back discrimination. Moreover, it was confirmed that neither monaural cues nor interaural spectral level difference cues were adequate for front/back discrimination. Furthermore, listeners' performance did not deteriorate when presented with sharpened spectra. Finally, when presented with an interaural delay less than 200 mus, listeners could succeed to discriminate front from back, although the image was pulled to the side, which suggests that the localizations in azimuthal plane and in sagittal plane are independent within certain limits.
590 $a School code: 0128.
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Audiology. $3 1018138
650 4 $a Physics, Acoustics. $3 1019086
690 $a 0300
690 $a 0986
710 2 $a Michigan State University. $3 676168
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 68-01B.
790 $a 0128
790 1 0 $a Hartmann, William M., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2006
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3248636