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Essays in Labor Economics.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Essays in Labor Economics./
作者:	Schuh, Rachel Julia.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (189 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-04A.
標題:	Gender differences. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30614599click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798380470292

Essays in Labor Economics.
Schuh, Rachel Julia.

Essays in Labor Economics. - 1 online resource (189 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

The chapters in this dissertation study the micro causes and macro consequences of gender inequality in the labor market and the determinants of firm productivity and innovation.The first chapter analyzes the value workers ascribe to the gender composition of their workplace and the consequences of these valuations for occupational segregation, tipping, and welfare. To elicit these valuations, I survey 9,000 US adults using a hypothetical job choice experiment. This reveals that women value gender homophily in the workplace and men value gender diversity. Older female workers are more likely to value gender homophily, suggesting that gender norms and discrimination, which have declined over time, may help explain women's desire for homophily. Using these results, I estimate a structural model of occupation choice to assess their consequences for gender sorting and welfare. I find that workers' average composition valuations are not large enough to create tipping points, but they do reduce the female share in male-dominated occupations substantially. Gender composition valuations also create a sorting externality: a welfaremaximizing social planner would reallocate workers to substantially decrease segregation, improving consumption-equivalent welfare by about 2%.The second chapter, which is based on joint work with Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen, studies the relationship between management and firm dynamics. Using new Census data on management practices, we show a striking fact: better managed firms are significantly more active in plant acquisitions and disposals and openings and closings. We argue that better management practices allow firms to more cheaply change plant ownership, enabling them to engage in greater plant-level reallocation. Combining this with other Census and international management data showing better managed firms have higher productivity, have faster growth rates and birth better managed plants, we build a model of plant and firm management. We structurally estimate key parameters of the model and solve for the equilibrium. Using the model we develop three key results. First, mergers and acquisition activity increases management quality by almost 15%, second, greater competition improves management practices and productivity by over 10%, and finally, management practices account for about 30% of cross-country TFP differences.The third chapter studies the role of wage gaps caused by gender and unionization status in spurring labor-replacing technological innovation. It has been documented that innovation has been more prevalent in male-dominated than female-dominated professions, and that the prevalence of unionized jobs has declined at least in part due to automation. Using data on the universe of U.S. patents matched with occupational task content, I show that occupations with a higher male share and with a larger share of unionized workers have overlapped more with new patents in recent decades, even within groups of closely related occupations. I propose methods for establishing a causal link between gender composition and innovation, including using state-level variation in equal pay policies.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798380470292Subjects--Topical Terms:

3548331
Gender differences.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Essays in Labor Economics.
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245 1 0 $a Essays in Labor Economics.
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300 $a 1 online resource (189 pages)
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Bloom, Nicholas;Sorkin, Isaac;Klenow, Pete.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a The chapters in this dissertation study the micro causes and macro consequences of gender inequality in the labor market and the determinants of firm productivity and innovation.The first chapter analyzes the value workers ascribe to the gender composition of their workplace and the consequences of these valuations for occupational segregation, tipping, and welfare. To elicit these valuations, I survey 9,000 US adults using a hypothetical job choice experiment. This reveals that women value gender homophily in the workplace and men value gender diversity. Older female workers are more likely to value gender homophily, suggesting that gender norms and discrimination, which have declined over time, may help explain women's desire for homophily. Using these results, I estimate a structural model of occupation choice to assess their consequences for gender sorting and welfare. I find that workers' average composition valuations are not large enough to create tipping points, but they do reduce the female share in male-dominated occupations substantially. Gender composition valuations also create a sorting externality: a welfaremaximizing social planner would reallocate workers to substantially decrease segregation, improving consumption-equivalent welfare by about 2%.The second chapter, which is based on joint work with Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen, studies the relationship between management and firm dynamics. Using new Census data on management practices, we show a striking fact: better managed firms are significantly more active in plant acquisitions and disposals and openings and closings. We argue that better management practices allow firms to more cheaply change plant ownership, enabling them to engage in greater plant-level reallocation. Combining this with other Census and international management data showing better managed firms have higher productivity, have faster growth rates and birth better managed plants, we build a model of plant and firm management. We structurally estimate key parameters of the model and solve for the equilibrium. Using the model we develop three key results. First, mergers and acquisition activity increases management quality by almost 15%, second, greater competition improves management practices and productivity by over 10%, and finally, management practices account for about 30% of cross-country TFP differences.The third chapter studies the role of wage gaps caused by gender and unionization status in spurring labor-replacing technological innovation. It has been documented that innovation has been more prevalent in male-dominated than female-dominated professions, and that the prevalence of unionized jobs has declined at least in part due to automation. Using data on the universe of U.S. patents matched with occupational task content, I show that occupations with a higher male share and with a larger share of unionized workers have overlapped more with new patents in recent decades, even within groups of closely related occupations. I propose methods for establishing a causal link between gender composition and innovation, including using state-level variation in equal pay policies.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2023
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Gender differences. $3 3548331
650 4 $a Behavioral psychology. $3 2122788
650 4 $a Gender studies. $3 2122708
650 4 $a Psychology. $3 519075
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 lcsh $3 542853
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710 2 $a Stanford University. $3 754827
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 85-04A.
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30614599 $z click for full text (PQDT)