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Mechanisms for the differential effe...

Dorfman, Suzanne Erin.

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Mechanisms for the differential effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-high density lipoprotein (NHDL) metabolism in the Golden-Syrian hamster.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Mechanisms for the differential effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-high density lipoprotein (NHDL) metabolism in the Golden-Syrian hamster./
Author:	Dorfman, Suzanne Erin.
Description:	197 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-12, Section: B, page: 6295.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International65-12B.
Subject:	Health Sciences, Nutrition. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3158230
ISBN:	0496909800

Mechanisms for the differential effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-high density lipoprotein (NHDL) metabolism in the Golden-Syrian hamster.
Dorfman, Suzanne Erin.

Mechanisms for the differential effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-high density lipoprotein (NHDL) metabolism in the Golden-Syrian hamster. - 197 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-12, Section: B, page: 6295.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Its genesis can be attributed, in part, to dietary and lifestyle patterns. Fat in the diet is comprised of different classes of fatty acids: saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), trans, each having characteristic effects on both high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL [(nHDL) total - HDL cholesterol] cholesterol concentrations. Investigated first was the time course and response of Charles River (CR) and Bio Breeders (F1B) Golden-Syrian hamsters to dietary SFA (butter) on serum lipoproteins and aortic cholesteryl ester in. After 12 weeks, CR hamsters had significantly lower serum total and nHDL cholesterol concentrations, but higher aortic cholesteryl ester deposition than the F1B hamsters (P < 0.05). Investigated second was the effect of dietary fatty acid classes and cholesterol on HDL metabolism and components of reverse cholesterol transport, the sum of the processes involved with the net removal of cholesterol from extra-hepatic cells for transport to the liver. Canola and soybean oils significantly lowered serum HDL cholesterol concentrations relative to butter. Canola oil, relative to butter, resulted in higher exogenous LCAT activity and both soybean and canola oils significantly increased hepatic apo A-I and SR-B1 mRNA abundance. Butter, relative to margarine, coconut and soybean oils, significantly increased serum non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. Investigated third, in a separate group of hamsters, were the components of nHDL cholesterol metabolism. The presence of dietary cholesterol resulted in lower HMG-CoA reductase mRNA abundance with this blunting effect diminished by the presence of unsaturated fat. MTP mRNA, a marker of VLDL particle formation, was significantly higher in canola and soybean oil fed has relative to the non-purified, cholesterol free diet fed hamsters; although differences were modest. The combination of lower HDL cholesterol concentrations as a result of increased reverse cholesterol transport in conjunction with lower nHDL cholesterol concentrations related to increased mRNA abundance of the LDL-receptor, SREBP-2 and MTP, provide further evidence that dietary cis unsaturated fatty acids, MUFA and PUFA intake, relative to SFA, is positively associated with decreased CVD risk. Response to margarine as demonstrated by similar plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns to soybean oil, as well as, intermediate effects on mRNA abundance and enzyme activity between butter and soybean oil, suggests that the CR Golden-Syrian hamster metabolizes trans fatty acids differently than what has been observed in humans. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

ISBN: 0496909800Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017801
Health Sciences, Nutrition.

Mechanisms for the differential effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-high density lipoprotein (NHDL) metabolism in the Golden-Syrian hamster.
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245 1 0 $a Mechanisms for the differential effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol on high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-high density lipoprotein (NHDL) metabolism in the Golden-Syrian hamster.
300 $a 197 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-12, Section: B, page: 6295.
500 $a Adviser: Alice H. Lichtenstein.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.
520 $a Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Its genesis can be attributed, in part, to dietary and lifestyle patterns. Fat in the diet is comprised of different classes of fatty acids: saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), trans, each having characteristic effects on both high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL [(nHDL) total - HDL cholesterol] cholesterol concentrations. Investigated first was the time course and response of Charles River (CR) and Bio Breeders (F1B) Golden-Syrian hamsters to dietary SFA (butter) on serum lipoproteins and aortic cholesteryl ester in. After 12 weeks, CR hamsters had significantly lower serum total and nHDL cholesterol concentrations, but higher aortic cholesteryl ester deposition than the F1B hamsters (P < 0.05). Investigated second was the effect of dietary fatty acid classes and cholesterol on HDL metabolism and components of reverse cholesterol transport, the sum of the processes involved with the net removal of cholesterol from extra-hepatic cells for transport to the liver. Canola and soybean oils significantly lowered serum HDL cholesterol concentrations relative to butter. Canola oil, relative to butter, resulted in higher exogenous LCAT activity and both soybean and canola oils significantly increased hepatic apo A-I and SR-B1 mRNA abundance. Butter, relative to margarine, coconut and soybean oils, significantly increased serum non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. Investigated third, in a separate group of hamsters, were the components of nHDL cholesterol metabolism. The presence of dietary cholesterol resulted in lower HMG-CoA reductase mRNA abundance with this blunting effect diminished by the presence of unsaturated fat. MTP mRNA, a marker of VLDL particle formation, was significantly higher in canola and soybean oil fed has relative to the non-purified, cholesterol free diet fed hamsters; although differences were modest. The combination of lower HDL cholesterol concentrations as a result of increased reverse cholesterol transport in conjunction with lower nHDL cholesterol concentrations related to increased mRNA abundance of the LDL-receptor, SREBP-2 and MTP, provide further evidence that dietary cis unsaturated fatty acids, MUFA and PUFA intake, relative to SFA, is positively associated with decreased CVD risk. Response to margarine as demonstrated by similar plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns to soybean oil, as well as, intermediate effects on mRNA abundance and enzyme activity between butter and soybean oil, suggests that the CR Golden-Syrian hamster metabolizes trans fatty acids differently than what has been observed in humans. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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