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Thermoregulation and individual char...

DeGroot, David W.

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Thermoregulation and individual characteristics during cold and heat stress.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Thermoregulation and individual characteristics during cold and heat stress./
作者:	DeGroot, David W.
面頁冊數:	147 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-05, Section: B, page: 2869.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International68-05B.
標題:	Biology, Physiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3266097
ISBN:	9780549055006

Thermoregulation and individual characteristics during cold and heat stress.
DeGroot, David W.

Thermoregulation and individual characteristics during cold and heat stress. - 147 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-05, Section: B, page: 2869.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2007.

Aging and cold stress (Projects 1 and 2). The purpose of project 1 was to determine the influence of primary human aging on the defense of Tc during a mild cold transient. Thirty-six young and 46 older subjects underwent a slow transient cold air exposure from a thermoneutral baseline, during which esophageal (Tes) and mean skin temperatures (Tsk), O2 consumption, and skin blood flow were measured. Cold exposure was terminated at the onset of visible sustained shivering. Net metabolic heat production (Mnet), heat debt, predicted change in mid-region temperature (DeltaTmid), tissue insulation (It), and cutaneous vascular conductance were calculated. There were no baseline group differences for Tes, but Mnet was lower in older subjects. Tes was well maintained in YS but fell progressively in OS. The cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to mild cold stress was attenuated in OS. There were no group differences for Tsk or It, while Mnet remained lower in OS during cooling (p<0.05). The DeltaTmid did not account for the drop in Tes in OS.

ISBN: 9780549055006Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017816
Biology, Physiology.

Thermoregulation and individual characteristics during cold and heat stress.
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245 1 0 $a Thermoregulation and individual characteristics during cold and heat stress.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-05, Section: B, page: 2869.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2007.
520 $a Aging and cold stress (Projects 1 and 2). The purpose of project 1 was to determine the influence of primary human aging on the defense of Tc during a mild cold transient. Thirty-six young and 46 older subjects underwent a slow transient cold air exposure from a thermoneutral baseline, during which esophageal (Tes) and mean skin temperatures (Tsk), O2 consumption, and skin blood flow were measured. Cold exposure was terminated at the onset of visible sustained shivering. Net metabolic heat production (Mnet), heat debt, predicted change in mid-region temperature (DeltaTmid), tissue insulation (It), and cutaneous vascular conductance were calculated. There were no baseline group differences for Tes, but Mnet was lower in older subjects. Tes was well maintained in YS but fell progressively in OS. The cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to mild cold stress was attenuated in OS. There were no group differences for Tsk or It, while Mnet remained lower in OS during cooling (p<0.05). The DeltaTmid did not account for the drop in Tes in OS.
520 $a The purpose of the second project was to determine the relative influence of individual characteristics on Tc and It during mild cold stress. Forty-two young and 46 older subjects, varying widely in muscularity, adiposity, and body size, underwent a transient cooling protocol during which Tes was measured continuously and It was calculated. The sum of skinfolds explained 67% (p<0.01) of the Tes variance in young subjects vs. 2% (p=0.30) in older subjects. Conversely, ASMM explained a greater portion of the variance in older subjects for both Tes. The residual variance for Tes was considerably larger in older subjects, possibly due to varying rates of physiological aging. The individual characteristics that explain the variance in Tes and It, as well are the relative influence of these characteristics, differ between young and older subjects.
520 $a Predicting core temperature during exercise in the heat (Project 3). Recently, 3 runners undertook a unique expedition to run across the Sahara Desert where we collected the environmental and physiological data necessary for the prediction of Tc by 3 models of thermoregulation over 2 days at the start of the expedition. The SCENARIO and Initial Capability Decision Aide (ICDA) models allow for input of individual characteristics while Fiala's model relies solely on environment and exercise intensity. The runners intermittently ran 8.0 km/h over 6 h during NIGHT desert conditions and 7.0 km/h over 7 h 45 min on during DAY desert conditions. Increased RMSD during day was likely due to overestimation of solar radiation effects. The RMSD was smaller when only the first 2 h of the exposure was analyzed. SCENARIO, which offers the user the greatest opportunity for individualization, resulted in the lowest RMSD. When SCENARIO was configured to match the individual characteristics assumed by Fiala, the RMSD increased from 0.66 to 0.82, illustrating the importance of individualizing the passive system. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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