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Sex differences in spatial abilities.

Mace, Derek Dwayne.

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Sex differences in spatial abilities.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Sex differences in spatial abilities./
作者:	Mace, Derek Dwayne.
面頁冊數:	62 p.
附註:	Adviser: Philipp J. Kraemer.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International67-09B.
標題:	Psychology, Cognitive. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3231198
ISBN:	9780542848605

Sex differences in spatial abilities.
Mace, Derek Dwayne.

Sex differences in spatial abilities. - 62 p.

Adviser: Philipp J. Kraemer.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Kentucky, 2006.

Sex differences in spatial processing typically favor males. Much of the extant literature has explored the experiential factors that may result in this difference. Very little research as been devoted to the consideration of spatial sex differences as the result of differential adaptation. A few studies have successfully demonstrated that females outperform males in spatial tasks that emphasize the processing of content and spatial location. This finding has been taken as evidence that the male-female difference on spatial tasks is not one of ability, but of process. Specifically it may be that females process spatial information more efficiently in contexts with relevant content cues due to an adaptive history which allowed them to exploit these cues. In Experiment 1 males and female subjects were instructed to take the perspective of a face or an arrow to determine the novel orientation of a target object. Females performed significantly better in the face version of the task than the arrow condition. Experiment 2 was a replication of Experiment 1 with new stimuli in the target object position and new faces as perspective cues. Females again performed better using the face cue. To test the assumed primacy of face cues, Experiment 3 included three new non-face perspective cues, a camera, dog and block. Female performance was more variable as a function of cue type than was the performance of males. Female performance using the dog and block cues was significantly poorer than with the other cue types. Finally, Experiment 4 was a replication of the initial experiment and an attempt to increase its ecological validity. Male and female subjects solved the task with actual target objects and live face cues. The results of this manipulation failed to replicate the improved female performance seen in the previous experiments. Taken in total, these four experiments suggest that any explanation of the sex differences between males and females on spatial abilities must consider the differential sensitivity to cues within the spatial problem. Moreover, this study indicates the theoretical value of applying evolutionary principles to cognitive phenomena.

ISBN: 9780542848605Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017810
Psychology, Cognitive.

Sex differences in spatial abilities.
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520 $a Sex differences in spatial processing typically favor males. Much of the extant literature has explored the experiential factors that may result in this difference. Very little research as been devoted to the consideration of spatial sex differences as the result of differential adaptation. A few studies have successfully demonstrated that females outperform males in spatial tasks that emphasize the processing of content and spatial location. This finding has been taken as evidence that the male-female difference on spatial tasks is not one of ability, but of process. Specifically it may be that females process spatial information more efficiently in contexts with relevant content cues due to an adaptive history which allowed them to exploit these cues. In Experiment 1 males and female subjects were instructed to take the perspective of a face or an arrow to determine the novel orientation of a target object. Females performed significantly better in the face version of the task than the arrow condition. Experiment 2 was a replication of Experiment 1 with new stimuli in the target object position and new faces as perspective cues. Females again performed better using the face cue. To test the assumed primacy of face cues, Experiment 3 included three new non-face perspective cues, a camera, dog and block. Female performance was more variable as a function of cue type than was the performance of males. Female performance using the dog and block cues was significantly poorer than with the other cue types. Finally, Experiment 4 was a replication of the initial experiment and an attempt to increase its ecological validity. Male and female subjects solved the task with actual target objects and live face cues. The results of this manipulation failed to replicate the improved female performance seen in the previous experiments. Taken in total, these four experiments suggest that any explanation of the sex differences between males and females on spatial abilities must consider the differential sensitivity to cues within the spatial problem. Moreover, this study indicates the theoretical value of applying evolutionary principles to cognitive phenomena.
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