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From borders to barriers: Strategies...

Weeden, Kim A.

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From borders to barriers: Strategies of occupational closure and the structure of occupational rewards.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	From borders to barriers: Strategies of occupational closure and the structure of occupational rewards./
作者:	Weeden, Kim A.
面頁冊數:	185 p.
附註:	Adviser: David B. Grusky.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International60-08A.
標題:	Sociology, Social Structure and Development. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9943733
ISBN:	9780599454019

From borders to barriers: Strategies of occupational closure and the structure of occupational rewards.
Weeden, Kim A.

From borders to barriers: Strategies of occupational closure and the structure of occupational rewards. - 185 p.

Adviser: David B. Grusky.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 1999.

Most sociological research on inequality asks how individuals are allocated to positions in the division of labor, paying little attention to how rewards are matched to positions. This project addresses this neglected component of stratification by exploring the structure of occupational rewards.

ISBN: 9780599454019Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017425
Sociology, Social Structure and Development.

From borders to barriers: Strategies of occupational closure and the structure of occupational rewards.
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100 1 $a Weeden, Kim A. $3 1288770
245 1 0 $a From borders to barriers: Strategies of occupational closure and the structure of occupational rewards.
300 $a 185 p.
500 $a Adviser: David B. Grusky.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-08, Section: A, page: 3164.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 1999.
520 $a Most sociological research on inequality asks how individuals are allocated to positions in the division of labor, paying little attention to how rewards are matched to positions. This project addresses this neglected component of stratification by exploring the structure of occupational rewards.
520 $a Its theoretical approach borrows from neo-Weberian work on social closure, the process whereby social groups exclude outsiders from opportunities to obtain valued goods. Collective action by occupations constructs barriers in the labor market and enhances occupational rewards. Closure theory is contrasted against investment accounts, which locate inequality in differences in individuals' skills or in occupational skill requirements.
520 $a Closure generates earnings by: (1) restricting the labor supply in an occupation; (2) enhancing overall demand for a product; (3) channeling demand to an occupation by legitimating its claim over a task; and/or (4) signaling a quality of service. In the contemporary United States, five institutionalized strategies allow occupations to secure closure: licensing, formal educational credentialing, voluntary certification, representation by associations, and unionization. Each strategy is hypothesized to have positive effects on occupational earnings, net of differences in occupational skills and in the human capital of occupation members.
520 $a A new archive of data maps the distribution of closure strategies across 487 detailed occupations. These data show that closure strategies are more pervasive than scholars have appreciated. Results from hierarchical linear models indicate that licensing, formal educational credentialing, and voluntary certification have positive net effects on earnings. Associations and unionization do not. Strategies that create supply-side restrictions offer the greatest returns, although strategies that channel demand and signal quality service have significant effects.
520 $a Not all occupations benefit from closure. Contrary to predictions, strategies do not have the highest payoff in regions of the occupational structure where they are used extensively. Licensing and voluntary certification benefit the professions, while educational credentialing benefits all white-collar occupations. Cognitive skill requirements do not explain why the professions benefit disproportionately. The analyses imply that closure theory offers a viable complement to individualistic models by refocusing attention on how collective action affects the reward structure.
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