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The virtue of courage in Confucius a...

Kaitz, Edward Elliott, Jr.

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The virtue of courage in Confucius and Mencius (with comparisons to Hindu and classical Greek philosophies).

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The virtue of courage in Confucius and Mencius (with comparisons to Hindu and classical Greek philosophies)./
作者:	Kaitz, Edward Elliott, Jr.
面頁冊數:	261 p.
附註:	Adviser: Yi Wu.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-03A.
標題:	Philosophy. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3306677
ISBN:	9780549538417

The virtue of courage in Confucius and Mencius (with comparisons to Hindu and classical Greek philosophies).
Kaitz, Edward Elliott, Jr.

The virtue of courage in Confucius and Mencius (with comparisons to Hindu and classical Greek philosophies). - 261 p.

Adviser: Yi Wu.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--California Institute of Integral Studies, 2008.

In the classical Western philosophical tradition, wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance are considered to be the "four cardinal virtues." Of this list of virtues only one, courage, or andreia in Greek, was derived from the same root (andr) that the Greeks used for the English word "man." Thus to be a "man" in much of Western antiquity, despite the fabulous philosophy spun around the other virtues, really came down to proving oneself in courage's natural environment: the battlefield.

ISBN: 9780549538417Subjects--Topical Terms:

516511
Philosophy.

The virtue of courage in Confucius and Mencius (with comparisons to Hindu and classical Greek philosophies).
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245 1 4 $a The virtue of courage in Confucius and Mencius (with comparisons to Hindu and classical Greek philosophies).
300 $a 261 p.
500 $a Adviser: Yi Wu.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-03, Section: A, page: 1001.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--California Institute of Integral Studies, 2008.
520 $a In the classical Western philosophical tradition, wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance are considered to be the "four cardinal virtues." Of this list of virtues only one, courage, or andreia in Greek, was derived from the same root (andr) that the Greeks used for the English word "man." Thus to be a "man" in much of Western antiquity, despite the fabulous philosophy spun around the other virtues, really came down to proving oneself in courage's natural environment: the battlefield.
520 $a In contrast, in much of the classical Chinese world, the virtue of courage was looked upon with a great deal of suspicion. Philosophers such as Confucius and Mencius realized that unless this volatile virtue, and its association with manliness, was somehow "domesticated," the warfare and chaos that had defined Chinese history since the breakup of the Zhou Dynasty in 722 BCE would ultimately tear China apart.
520 $a I argue that Confucius and Mencius were so successful in this project that the pre-Confucian status given to the warrior over the philosopher was completely inverted: post-Confucian China, for over two millennia, came to see the warrior profession as most shameful, well below that of a farmer or a scholar. And while this is an astonishing achievement, detaching courage from the battlefield probably left the Han Chinese vulnerable to invasion and conquest from Mongolia, Manchurea, and Great Britain.
520 $a In contemporary India, militant Hindu nationalists argue that their own subjugation, first to Muslims and then to the British, a combined eight hundred years of foreign rule, was the result of a philosophical and religious tradition that saw the ascetic renunciant as more of a complete "man" than the ksatriya warrior. Many of these nationalists agreed with the British: Hindus as a whole are "effeminate." By appropriating traditional Western notions of courage and manliness they hope to rectify this historical imbalance.
520 $a By comparing the philosophical traditions of Greece, China, and India on the question of courage, manliness, and war, I have discovered that historically, the "West was in the East" and not vice-versa, in large part because the West never successfully detached courage and manliness from the battlefield.
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