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Neural substrates of decision-making...

Stanton, Angela A.

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Neural substrates of decision-making in economic games.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Neural substrates of decision-making in economic games./
作者:	Stanton, Angela A.
面頁冊數:	120 p.
附註:	Adviser: Paul J. Zak.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International68-05A.
標題:	Economics, General. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3268260
ISBN:	9780549076919

Neural substrates of decision-making in economic games.
Stanton, Angela A.

Neural substrates of decision-making in economic games. - 120 p.

Adviser: Paul J. Zak.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Claremont Graduate University, 2007.

In economic experiments decisions often differ from game-theoretic predictions. Why are people generous in one-shot ultimatum games with strangers? Is there a benefit to generosity toward strangers? Research on the neural substrates of decisions suggests that some choices are hormone-dependent. By artificially stimulating subjects with neuroactive hormones, we can identify which hormones and brain regions participate in decision-making, to what degree and in what direction. Does one hormone make subjects generous and another stingy? In this paper, two laboratory experiments are described using the hormones oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Concentrations of these hormones in the brain continuously change in response to external stimuli. OT enhances trust (Michael Kosfeld et al. 2005b), reduce fear from strangers (C. Sue Carter 1998), and has anti-anxiety effects (Kerstin Uvnas-Moberg, Maria Peterson 2005). AVP enhances attachment and bonding with kin in monogamous male mammals (Jennifer N. Ferguson et al. 2002) and increases reactive aggression (C. Sue Carter 2007). Dysfunctions of OT and/or AVP reception have been associated with autism (Miranda M. Lim et al. 2005).

ISBN: 9780549076919Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017424
Economics, General.

Neural substrates of decision-making in economic games.
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100 1 $a Stanton, Angela A. $3 1280591
245 1 0 $a Neural substrates of decision-making in economic games.
300 $a 120 p.
500 $a Adviser: Paul J. Zak.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-05, Section: A, page: 2085.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Claremont Graduate University, 2007.
520 $a In economic experiments decisions often differ from game-theoretic predictions. Why are people generous in one-shot ultimatum games with strangers? Is there a benefit to generosity toward strangers? Research on the neural substrates of decisions suggests that some choices are hormone-dependent. By artificially stimulating subjects with neuroactive hormones, we can identify which hormones and brain regions participate in decision-making, to what degree and in what direction. Does one hormone make subjects generous and another stingy? In this paper, two laboratory experiments are described using the hormones oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Concentrations of these hormones in the brain continuously change in response to external stimuli. OT enhances trust (Michael Kosfeld et al. 2005b), reduce fear from strangers (C. Sue Carter 1998), and has anti-anxiety effects (Kerstin Uvnas-Moberg, Maria Peterson 2005). AVP enhances attachment and bonding with kin in monogamous male mammals (Jennifer N. Ferguson et al. 2002) and increases reactive aggression (C. Sue Carter 2007). Dysfunctions of OT and/or AVP reception have been associated with autism (Miranda M. Lim et al. 2005).
520 $a In chapter one I review past experiments with the ultimatum (UG) and dictator (DG) games and visit some of the major results in the literature. In chapter two I present the results of my laboratory experiment where I examine why people are generous in one-shot economic games with strangers. I hypothesize that oxytocin would enhance generosity in the UG. Players in the OT group were much more generous than those in the placebo---OT offers in the UG were 80% higher than offers on placebo. Enhanced generosity was not due to altruism as there was no effect on DG offers. This implies that other-regarding preferences are at play in the amount of money sent but only in a reciprocal context. The third chapter presents an experiment on punishment. I hypothesized that AVP would increase rejections and stinginess in the UG and TG. Results show that AVP affects rejections and stinginess in small groups but not in large.
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