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Development of a 3-D multimedia regi...

Li, Rong.

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Development of a 3-D multimedia regional fate and chemical transport modelling system for pesticides: Modifying and coupling models-3/CMAQ with PEM.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Development of a 3-D multimedia regional fate and chemical transport modelling system for pesticides: Modifying and coupling models-3/CMAQ with PEM./
作者:	Li, Rong.
面頁冊數:	222 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: B, page: 0938.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International68-02B.
標題:	Chemistry, Analytical. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NR23676
ISBN:	9780494236765

Development of a 3-D multimedia regional fate and chemical transport modelling system for pesticides: Modifying and coupling models-3/CMAQ with PEM.
Li, Rong.

Development of a 3-D multimedia regional fate and chemical transport modelling system for pesticides: Modifying and coupling models-3/CMAQ with PEM. - 222 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: B, page: 0938.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waterloo (Canada), 2006.

This study found that Mexican residues in the domain do not have significant impact on the concentrations at the five measuring sites and depositions into the Great Lakes.

ISBN: 9780494236765Subjects--Topical Terms:

586156
Chemistry, Analytical.

Development of a 3-D multimedia regional fate and chemical transport modelling system for pesticides: Modifying and coupling models-3/CMAQ with PEM.
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245 1 0 $a Development of a 3-D multimedia regional fate and chemical transport modelling system for pesticides: Modifying and coupling models-3/CMAQ with PEM.
300 $a 222 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: B, page: 0938.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waterloo (Canada), 2006.
520 $a This study found that Mexican residues in the domain do not have significant impact on the concentrations at the five measuring sites and depositions into the Great Lakes.
520 $a Many pesticides have been identified as persistent, bio-accumulative, and toxic pollutants. Concerns about their adverse effects on the environment have been expressed for many years. Due to applications in the past, significant pesticide residues remain in the soil. These residues can result in significant pesticide emissions into the atmosphere, where pesticides can be transported over long distances and deposited far from where they were originally applied.
520 $a To investigate issues related to pesticides in the environment, this project has developed a 3-D Eulerian multimedia regional fate and chemical transport modelling system based on the US EPA MM5/MCIP/SMOKE/CMAQ air quality modelling system, which this project has coupled to PEM, a dynamic pesticide emission model. This study has, to our knowledge for the first time, incorporated the Koa gas-particle partitioning model into Models-3/CMAQ for the semi-volatile behaviour of pollutants. The modelling package takes into account the important physical and chemical processes and factors, from sources to sinks, related to pesticides in both the atmosphere and the soil, including pesticide application modes, soil types, soil tilling, growing stages of crops, advection and diffusion in the soil, emission, partitioning, transport in the atmosphere, chemical transformation, dry deposition, and wet deposition. Moreover, this modelling system models pesticides along with other atmospheric compounds (e.g. O 3, OH radicals, NO3 radicals, and particulate materials) simultaneously and addresses chemical and physical interactions among all these pollutants, including pesticides.
520 $a This project has used the modelling system to study the environmental behaviour of toxaphene, a persistent, bio-accumulative, and toxic pesticide. The study was carried out for a 11/2 year period from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2001 and covers a domain that includes most of North America with a resolution of 36x36 km. Comparisons of the modeled results with measured or estimated values show good agreement. The comparisons include (i) comparison of modeled daily-average toxaphene air concentrations against measurements; (ii) comparison of toxaphene fraction on particle phase over that of all phases against estimate as well as measurements; (iii) comparison of modeled annual wet deposition against measurements; (iv) comparison of modeled annual dry deposition against estimate; (v) and comparisons of surface temperatures and soil moistures predicted by MM5 and PEM. The comparison of modeled daily-average air concentrations against measurements was conducted at five measuring sites for the year 2000. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to establish the relationship between modeled daily-average pesticide air concentrations and measurements at so many locations and for such a long period. The good agreement of these comparisons shows that the modelling system has the ability to simulate emissions, air concentrations in gas phase and particle phase, dry deposition, and wet deposition, which are determined by simulation of the important physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere and the soil, as well as agricultural practices and meteorology.
520 $a This work has estimated a toxaphene residue inventory for Mexico, and has converted the U.S. residue inventory, obtained from Environment Canada, from Latitude-Longitude projection to Lambert projection. Although this study has found anomalous residues around the Texas site in the U.S. residue inventory, data analyses imply that the inventories are generally reasonable.
520 $a This project has used the merged Mexican and U.S. residue inventory and coupled MM5-PEM to develop an hourly and gridded toxaphene emission inventory for a period from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2001. To our knowledge, this is the first such gridded and hourly toxaphene emission inventory developed for North America. The spatial distribution of simulated emissions in the domain is consistent with that of toxaphene residues. Modeled emissions have a strong diurnal and seasonal signature in each grid and also in the entire domain. In the entire domain, the greatest emissions occur in April (35748 kg/month), May (51466 kg/month), and June (35273 kg/month). Although monthly toxaphene emission in 2001 is usually smaller than that in its counterpart month of 2000 because of decay and loss of residues in the soil, this study shows that exceptions exist because of different meteorology, which can lead to greater emission in a month compared to its corresponding month in the previous year.
520 $a Toxaphene was not heavily used around the Great Lakes. Toxaphene was never licensed for use in Canada. Although toxaphene was used in the United States, primarily in cotton-growing areas of southeastern U.S., it was banned in this nation more than two decades ago. However, toxaphene concentrations in water and fish in the Great Lakes are still very high, posing a threat to the life and health of one quarter of Canadian population and one tenth of U.S. population living in the Great Lakes region. One of greatest challenges that scientists face is to identify atmospheric sources to the region's waters and to determine the patterns of emission, transport, and deposition. This study shows that long-range atmospheric transport and deposition play a vital role for the contamination of the Great Lakes by toxaphene. This study provides detailed modeled deposition estimates for the five Great Lakes, using a modelling package that takes into account all important factors that may affect the fate of pesticides, including agricultural practices, meteorology, physical and chemical processes in the soil and the atmosphere.
520 $a This study reveals that boundary conditions are very important for modelling both toxaphene air concentrations and depositions, and neglecting boundary conditions may result in the underestimates of both air concentrations at some locations and dry and wet depositions into the Great Lakes.
520 $a The modeled results show that both North American residues and boundary conditions, which are partly contributed by toxaphene sources outside the domain, contribute to the contamination of the Great Lakes. During the warm months, the southerly winds prevail, and they carry toxaphene emitted primarily in the southeastern United States to the Great Lakes region, causing significant dry and wet depositions of toxaphene into the Great Lakes. Therefore, the major contributor to the contamination of the Great Lakes in warm months is the soil residues in the United States. During cold months, however, the prevalent north-westerly winds probably carry toxaphene through the northern boundary to the Great Lakes region, leading to toxaphene deposition into the Great Lakes. The upper lakes, especially Lake Superior, are significantly affected by the boundary conditions. This study shows that pollutants can be transported southward and deposited into the sensitive receptors such as the Great Lakes. Although the lower Great Lakes are also influenced by the boundary conditions, they are mainly affected by the U.S. residues throughout the year.
590 $a School code: 1141.
650 4 $a Chemistry, Analytical. $3 586156
690 $a 0486
710 2 $a University of Waterloo (Canada). $3 1017669
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 68-02B.
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2006
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