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Prism adaptation and motor learning:...

Martin, Tod Andrew.

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Prism adaptation and motor learning: Kinematics, motor equivalency, storage specificity, and the olivocerebellar system.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Prism adaptation and motor learning: Kinematics, motor equivalency, storage specificity, and the olivocerebellar system./
作者:	Martin, Tod Andrew.
面頁冊數:	247 p.
附註:	Chair: W. Thomas Thach.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International64-06B.
標題:	Biology, Animal Physiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3095539
ISBN:	9780496431649

Prism adaptation and motor learning: Kinematics, motor equivalency, storage specificity, and the olivocerebellar system.
Martin, Tod Andrew.

Prism adaptation and motor learning: Kinematics, motor equivalency, storage specificity, and the olivocerebellar system. - 247 p.

Chair: W. Thomas Thach.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2003.

Prism adaptation is a paradigm of human perceptual and visuomotor adaptation and can be used to study neural control of motor adaptation. Prisms bend light toward their base and, when placed in front of the eyes, cause a subject to deviate his gaze to view a target. An arm movement toward the target is in the direction of the gaze, misses the target, and is visually perceived as an error. Subsequent movements fall closer to the target as the subject adapts. The storage of the adaptation is apparent when, after removing the prisms, the subject moves: the first movement misses the target to the opposite side by an amount almost equal to the initial prism-induced error.

ISBN: 9780496431649Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017835
Biology, Animal Physiology.

Prism adaptation and motor learning: Kinematics, motor equivalency, storage specificity, and the olivocerebellar system.
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100 1 $a Martin, Tod Andrew. $3 1270406
245 1 0 $a Prism adaptation and motor learning: Kinematics, motor equivalency, storage specificity, and the olivocerebellar system.
300 $a 247 p.
500 $a Chair: W. Thomas Thach.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-06, Section: B, page: 2539.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2003.
520 $a Prism adaptation is a paradigm of human perceptual and visuomotor adaptation and can be used to study neural control of motor adaptation. Prisms bend light toward their base and, when placed in front of the eyes, cause a subject to deviate his gaze to view a target. An arm movement toward the target is in the direction of the gaze, misses the target, and is visually perceived as an error. Subsequent movements fall closer to the target as the subject adapts. The storage of the adaptation is apparent when, after removing the prisms, the subject moves: the first movement misses the target to the opposite side by an amount almost equal to the initial prism-induced error.
520 $a Results from our studies of adaptation of throwing to horizontally- or vertically-shifting wedge prisms indicate that prism adaptation is an automatic and gradual process resulting in a widened gaze-throw angle that is distributed dynamically among kinematic variables in horizontal adaptation (eyes-in-head, head-on-trunk, trunk-on-arm, ball-on-arm) or in vertical adaptation (hand location in space, hand translational velocity, hand orientation). The adaptation shows no intermanual transfer and variable degrees of intertask (overhand versus underhand throws) transfer. In addition, through a series of adaptations over weeks, humans learn two gaze-hand calibrations ("prism" and "no prism") that can be selectively and independently activated depending on the throwing context. This learned skill is specific to the type of throw practiced (right hand, overhand), is retained for at least 27 months, and is dynamically distributed across all joints making up the gaze-throw calibration.
520 $a A study of 27 subjects with neurologic lesions and 15 age-matched controls aided in localizing neural structures involved in prism adaptation. Throwing data were analyzed in a manner to measure independently impairments in performance and in adaptation. Prism adaptation was impaired in humans with lesions in the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, with generalized cerebellar atrophy, with inferior olive hypertrophy, and with lesions of the ipsilateral inferior or middle cerebellar peduncles or contralateral basal pons. These subjects had little or no incoordination. In contrast, subjects with lesions in the territory of the superior cerebellar artery or the dentatothalamic projection showed impairments of performance (incoordination), but no impairment of prism adaptation.
520 $a The data indicate that prism adaptation of throwing is a complex motor adaptation involving dynamic coordination across multiple body segments and joints and is capable of being learned in a manner similar to skill acquisition. A schematic model for cerebellar participation in prism adaptation and motor learning is suggested.
590 $a School code: 0252.
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650 4 $a Biology, Neuroscience. $3 1017680
650 4 $a Psychology, Physiological. $3 1017869
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