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The effects of aging on the parallel...

Burton-Danner, Kerri.

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The effects of aging on the parallel guidance of visual search.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The effects of aging on the parallel guidance of visual search./
作者:	Burton-Danner, Kerri.
面頁冊數:	149 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 57-09, Section: B, page: 5953.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International57-09B.
標題:	Psychology, Cognitive. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9703996
ISBN:	0591121271

The effects of aging on the parallel guidance of visual search.
Burton-Danner, Kerri.

The effects of aging on the parallel guidance of visual search. - 149 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 57-09, Section: B, page: 5953.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1996.

Older adults report problems in performing activities involving visual search, even when they are in good eye health. Studies have shown that older adults' visual searches take more time and are more vulnerable to distractors. However, there is disagreement in the aging literature about whether or not age differences in visual search are found at the serial level only or at both the serial and parallel stages. The Guided Search 2.0 model of visual search posits that limited capacity serial processes can be guided by the output of earlier parallel processes. The present experiments used this model as a heuristic for examining the effect of aging on parallel processing and the effect of aging on the interaction between the parallel and serial systems during guided search. Twenty young and 20 older adults searched for a feature target or for a conjunction target presented among varying numbers of distractor items. In Experiment 1, feature search, young and older adults search times were independent of the number of distractor items and errors increased with increasing target distance from fixation. However, older adults' searches required more time. Results suggested that parallel processing is unimpaired by aging, at least for a small (10$\sp\circ$ radius) area of the visual field. In Experiment 2, feature search over a large field area (30$\sp\circ$ radius), young and older adults performed similarly, except that older adults' searched more slowly. That is, search times were relatively unaffected by increasing display items, and search times increased with increasing target eccentricity. In Experiment 3, localization accuracy was assessed using the same displays as in Experiment 2, but presented at brief exposure durations. Localization errors were greater, more magnanimous, and increased with target eccentricity to a greater extent for the elderly as compared to young adults, suggesting that older adults did not have enough time to process and encode target location, given the brief exposure duration. Experiment 4, conjunction search, assessed the effect of target salience on parallel guidance of serial processing in young versus older adults. Young and older adults' search times increased with increasing number of distractors in a similar manner when the target was highly salient. However, older adults were more vulnerable to distractors in the less salient condition (i.e., they had steeper reaction time vs. distractor number slopes). In addition, increased search time with increasing target eccentricity was more pronounced for older adults, but only in the less salient condition. Together, these studies imply that (a) the processes underlying guided search in older adults are functioning much as they do in young adults, but at a slower rate; this slowing may affect older adults' performance of complex and time-critical routine tasks; (b) when older adults are forced to search for targets in a time-limited task, they exhibit more errors in target localization; (c) these errors tend to increase with eccentricity more so for older adults than young, consistent with a constricted useful field of view; and (d) older adults' search problems are minimized when target salience is high. Practical implications as well as possibilities for future studies are discussed.

ISBN: 0591121271Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017810
Psychology, Cognitive.

The effects of aging on the parallel guidance of visual search.
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520 $a Older adults report problems in performing activities involving visual search, even when they are in good eye health. Studies have shown that older adults' visual searches take more time and are more vulnerable to distractors. However, there is disagreement in the aging literature about whether or not age differences in visual search are found at the serial level only or at both the serial and parallel stages. The Guided Search 2.0 model of visual search posits that limited capacity serial processes can be guided by the output of earlier parallel processes. The present experiments used this model as a heuristic for examining the effect of aging on parallel processing and the effect of aging on the interaction between the parallel and serial systems during guided search. Twenty young and 20 older adults searched for a feature target or for a conjunction target presented among varying numbers of distractor items. In Experiment 1, feature search, young and older adults search times were independent of the number of distractor items and errors increased with increasing target distance from fixation. However, older adults' searches required more time. Results suggested that parallel processing is unimpaired by aging, at least for a small (10$\sp\circ$ radius) area of the visual field. In Experiment 2, feature search over a large field area (30$\sp\circ$ radius), young and older adults performed similarly, except that older adults' searched more slowly. That is, search times were relatively unaffected by increasing display items, and search times increased with increasing target eccentricity. In Experiment 3, localization accuracy was assessed using the same displays as in Experiment 2, but presented at brief exposure durations. Localization errors were greater, more magnanimous, and increased with target eccentricity to a greater extent for the elderly as compared to young adults, suggesting that older adults did not have enough time to process and encode target location, given the brief exposure duration. Experiment 4, conjunction search, assessed the effect of target salience on parallel guidance of serial processing in young versus older adults. Young and older adults' search times increased with increasing number of distractors in a similar manner when the target was highly salient. However, older adults were more vulnerable to distractors in the less salient condition (i.e., they had steeper reaction time vs. distractor number slopes). In addition, increased search time with increasing target eccentricity was more pronounced for older adults, but only in the less salient condition. Together, these studies imply that (a) the processes underlying guided search in older adults are functioning much as they do in young adults, but at a slower rate; this slowing may affect older adults' performance of complex and time-critical routine tasks; (b) when older adults are forced to search for targets in a time-limited task, they exhibit more errors in target localization; (c) these errors tend to increase with eccentricity more so for older adults than young, consistent with a constricted useful field of view; and (d) older adults' search problems are minimized when target salience is high. Practical implications as well as possibilities for future studies are discussed.
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