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Challenges and opportunities: Pestic...

Yarkin, Cherisa June.

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Challenges and opportunities: Pesticides, regulation and innovation.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Challenges and opportunities: Pesticides, regulation and innovation./
作者:	Yarkin, Cherisa June.
面頁冊數:	150 p.
附註:	Chair: David Zilberman.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International60-03A.
標題:	Economics, Agricultural. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9923116
ISBN:	0599226854

Challenges and opportunities: Pesticides, regulation and innovation.
Yarkin, Cherisa June.

Challenges and opportunities: Pesticides, regulation and innovation. - 150 p.

Chair: David Zilberman.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 1998.

Recent advances in the chemical and biological sciences are likely to have broad and profound impacts on agriculture. Regulators charged with evaluating pesticide safety, for example, are now able to replace risk projections from laboratory studies with empirical data about chemical toxicity and environmental fate. This new emphasis on empirical evidence has resulted in demands for the use of econometric analysis in assessing the economic impacts of risk-based pesticide regulations. In the first essay of this dissertation, I consider a typical regulatory question, the productivity of fungicides in strawberry production, and develop an econometric model that incorporates methodological adjustments for issues raised in the literature. Using a standard data set, factors determining whether a grower will use fungicides are identified, and the value of marginal product for pesticides is calculated. The separate productivity effects of targeted compounds, however, are not distinguishable, suggesting limitations to the use of econometrics in this context.

ISBN: 0599226854Subjects--Topical Terms:

626648
Economics, Agricultural.

Challenges and opportunities: Pesticides, regulation and innovation.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 1998.
520 $a Recent advances in the chemical and biological sciences are likely to have broad and profound impacts on agriculture. Regulators charged with evaluating pesticide safety, for example, are now able to replace risk projections from laboratory studies with empirical data about chemical toxicity and environmental fate. This new emphasis on empirical evidence has resulted in demands for the use of econometric analysis in assessing the economic impacts of risk-based pesticide regulations. In the first essay of this dissertation, I consider a typical regulatory question, the productivity of fungicides in strawberry production, and develop an econometric model that incorporates methodological adjustments for issues raised in the literature. Using a standard data set, factors determining whether a grower will use fungicides are identified, and the value of marginal product for pesticides is calculated. The separate productivity effects of targeted compounds, however, are not distinguishable, suggesting limitations to the use of econometrics in this context.
520 $a New technologies may provide an alternative to pesticide regulation as a means of reducing risks due to pesticide toxicity. Biotechnology, pioneered in the 1970s, has facilitated the development of seed-embodied pest controls, for example, by allowing scientists to introduce novel traits from any biological source directly into crop plants. In the second essay, I develop a conceptual model of agricultural biotechnology that incorporates three key features; heterogeneous growers, productivity differences across crop varieties, and the separation of trait development from crop breeding. I show that suppliers will have the greatest incentives to develop traits broadly applicable across many crops; identify which growers are likely to gain from introduction of these new varieties; and assess the impact of intellectual property arrangements that limit trait suppliers' access to particular varieties.
520 $a Finally, the model is extended to consider the special attributes of pest control technologies. Results are consistent with the empirical observation that suppliers will focus on traits complementary to existing pesticides, or for which no chemical controls exist. One major conclusion is that, without government intervention, private incentives may be insufficient to spur development of one of the most promising applications of biotechnology, the development of less-toxic alternatives to existing pesticides.
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