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Optimism and hardiness: Influence on...

Long Island University, The Brooklyn Center.

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Optimism and hardiness: Influence on coping and psychological distress.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Optimism and hardiness: Influence on coping and psychological distress./
作者:	Stasiowski, Sheryl A.
面頁冊數:	116 p.
附註:	Adviser: Paul Michael Ramirez.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-04B.
標題:	Psychology, Clinical. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3311534
ISBN:	9780549590828

Optimism and hardiness: Influence on coping and psychological distress.
Stasiowski, Sheryl A.

Optimism and hardiness: Influence on coping and psychological distress. - 116 p.

Adviser: Paul Michael Ramirez.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Long Island University, The Brooklyn Center, 2008.

This study sought to explore the influence that optimism and hardiness have on coping strategies and psychological distress. Participants included 41 volunteers who moved to Ecuador to teach English as a Second Language. They completed the same measures three times over a 6-8 month period. Hypotheses posited that those with higher levels of optimism and hardiness would report lower levels of psychological distress. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that lower levels of psychological distress were related to higher levels of optimism for the second assessment, but more strongly related to higher levels of hardiness for the second assessment. As was predicted, levels of hardiness decreased over time. Upon further analyses, the hardiness subscales of commitment and challenge decreased over time, with lower levels of commitment relating to higher levels of psychological distress. As was hypothesized, the psychological distress of volunteers increased significantly from the first to the second assessment. These levels of psychological distress continued to remain elevated. The use of escape-avoidance coping strategies increased with each assessment and, as was hypothesized, the use of this coping strategy related to higher levels of psychological distress. Additional analyses showed a significant increase in the use of confrontive coping from the second to the third assessment and this coping strategy was related to higher levels of hostility.

ISBN: 9780549590828Subjects--Topical Terms:

524864
Psychology, Clinical.

Optimism and hardiness: Influence on coping and psychological distress.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-04, Section: B, page: 2641.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Long Island University, The Brooklyn Center, 2008.
520 $a This study sought to explore the influence that optimism and hardiness have on coping strategies and psychological distress. Participants included 41 volunteers who moved to Ecuador to teach English as a Second Language. They completed the same measures three times over a 6-8 month period. Hypotheses posited that those with higher levels of optimism and hardiness would report lower levels of psychological distress. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that lower levels of psychological distress were related to higher levels of optimism for the second assessment, but more strongly related to higher levels of hardiness for the second assessment. As was predicted, levels of hardiness decreased over time. Upon further analyses, the hardiness subscales of commitment and challenge decreased over time, with lower levels of commitment relating to higher levels of psychological distress. As was hypothesized, the psychological distress of volunteers increased significantly from the first to the second assessment. These levels of psychological distress continued to remain elevated. The use of escape-avoidance coping strategies increased with each assessment and, as was hypothesized, the use of this coping strategy related to higher levels of psychological distress. Additional analyses showed a significant increase in the use of confrontive coping from the second to the third assessment and this coping strategy was related to higher levels of hostility.
520 $a In conclusion, the results showed that those with higher levels of optimism and hardiness reported lower levels of psychological distress, however, the relationship that optimism and hardiness had with psychological distress differed depending on the time of assessment. Having higher levels of optimism appeared to be more advantageous (i.e., related to lower levels of psychological distress) when there were less stressors present and when the experience and environment were new. In contrast, having higher levels of hardiness appeared to be more advantageous (i.e., related to lower levels of psychological distress) when more stressors were present and the volunteers had been interacting with the new environment for a few months. Coping strategies did not emerge as having strong relationships with optimism and hardiness but the use of certain coping strategies (i.e., escape-avoidance and confrontive coping) were related to higher levels of psychological distress. Based on the results of the present study future longitudinal research should assess hardiness at different points, rather than at only at the initial assessment, in order to understand how hardiness levels might change in relation to experiences. It is also recommended that research examine the hardiness subscales individually, as this study demonstrated that they help to explain fluctuations in hardiness.
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