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The neural substrates of worry in ol...

Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Newark.

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The neural substrates of worry in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The neural substrates of worry in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder./
Author:	Eldreth, Dana Ann.
Description:	128 p.
Notes:	Adviser: Jan Mohlman.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-08B.
Subject:	Gerontology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3326976
ISBN:	9780549791478

The neural substrates of worry in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder.
Eldreth, Dana Ann.

The neural substrates of worry in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder. - 128 p.

Adviser: Jan Mohlman.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Newark, 2008.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders among older adults. It is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that occurs more days than not and lasts for at least six months. Over time, excessive worry can lead to increased risk for coronary heart disease. These factors make GAD an important disorder to investigate in older adults especially as the older population increases in number. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine the neural correlates of worry in older adults with GAD compared to a group of nonanxious older adults. The avoidance model of worry was used as a theoretical base for this study because it is one of the most widely accepted theories of worry in GAD. This theory proposes that worry serves as a cognitive avoidance strategy in the face of a perceived threat to limit aversive autonomic arousal. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural activity while participants performed a fixation, neutral ruminative thinking and worry task. First, we aimed to determine differences in whole brain activity between GADs and controls during each task condition. Greater activity was observed in GADs compared to controls during worry in regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) including left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left middle frontal gyrus. Second, effective connectivity analysis revealed more regions of PFC suppressed activity in emotional processing regions such as the amygdala and hippocampus during worry in the GAD group compared to the control group. Next, we tested frontal asymmetry and found more left frontal asymmetry in the GAD group relative to the control group during worry. Finally, we correlated anxiety symptom severity and inhibitory ability with PFC regions of interest and amygdala, however these correlations did not reach significance in either group. These data suggest that GAD worry is distinct from nonpathological worry in that it recruits more PFC regions and these PFC regions exert inhibitory influences on emotional processing regions such as the amygdala and hippocampus. However, greater severity and better inhibitory ability do not affect brain activity during worry.

ISBN: 9780549791478Subjects--Topical Terms:

533633
Gerontology.

The neural substrates of worry in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder.
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020 $a 9780549791478
035 $a (UMI)AAI3326976
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100 1 $a Eldreth, Dana Ann. $3 1031028
245 1 4 $a The neural substrates of worry in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder.
300 $a 128 p.
500 $a Adviser: Jan Mohlman.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 5021.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Newark, 2008.
520 $a Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders among older adults. It is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that occurs more days than not and lasts for at least six months. Over time, excessive worry can lead to increased risk for coronary heart disease. These factors make GAD an important disorder to investigate in older adults especially as the older population increases in number. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine the neural correlates of worry in older adults with GAD compared to a group of nonanxious older adults. The avoidance model of worry was used as a theoretical base for this study because it is one of the most widely accepted theories of worry in GAD. This theory proposes that worry serves as a cognitive avoidance strategy in the face of a perceived threat to limit aversive autonomic arousal. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural activity while participants performed a fixation, neutral ruminative thinking and worry task. First, we aimed to determine differences in whole brain activity between GADs and controls during each task condition. Greater activity was observed in GADs compared to controls during worry in regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) including left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left middle frontal gyrus. Second, effective connectivity analysis revealed more regions of PFC suppressed activity in emotional processing regions such as the amygdala and hippocampus during worry in the GAD group compared to the control group. Next, we tested frontal asymmetry and found more left frontal asymmetry in the GAD group relative to the control group during worry. Finally, we correlated anxiety symptom severity and inhibitory ability with PFC regions of interest and amygdala, however these correlations did not reach significance in either group. These data suggest that GAD worry is distinct from nonpathological worry in that it recruits more PFC regions and these PFC regions exert inhibitory influences on emotional processing regions such as the amygdala and hippocampus. However, greater severity and better inhibitory ability do not affect brain activity during worry.
590 $a School code: 0461.
650 4 $a Gerontology. $3 533633
650 4 $a Psychology, Clinical. $3 524864
650 4 $a Psychology, Cognitive. $3 1017810
650 4 $a Psychology, Psychobiology. $3 1017821
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690 $a 0351
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710 2 $a Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Newark. $3 1017745
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 69-08B.
790 $a 0461
790 1 0 $a Mohlman, Jan, $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2008
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3326976