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Characterization of generation and s...

The Johns Hopkins University.

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Characterization of generation and sampling methods for viral aerosols.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Characterization of generation and sampling methods for viral aerosols./
作者:	Christensen, Bryan E.
面頁冊數:	150 p.
附註:	Adviser: Patrick Breysse.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International70-04B.
標題:	Biology, Virology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3356806
ISBN:	9781109128673

Characterization of generation and sampling methods for viral aerosols.
Christensen, Bryan E.

Characterization of generation and sampling methods for viral aerosols. - 150 p.

Adviser: Patrick Breysse.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Johns Hopkins University, 2009.

The concern for bioaerosol hazards, particularly viruses, continues to increase with potential public health impacts including biological attacks and emerging infections. The objectives of this research are to examine various techniques to generate and sample viral aerosols. The project utilized five methods of aerosol generation: 6-jet Collison nebulizer, Willeke circulating bubbler, non-circulating bubbler, spinning top aerosol generator, and Sonotek ultrasonic nebulizer. Each generation method used 1.44 x 1010 PFU/ml titer of MS2 in PBS; the aerosol was generated into a 0.140 m 3 Plexiglas chamber for 2.5 minutes. The aerosol was sampled using aerodynamic particle sizers, SKC BioSampler, single-stage impactor, and filters for 10 minutes. Each generation method varied by particle number concentration, particle geometric mean, and particle geometric standard deviation, and virus concentration. The nebulizer had the highest particle output (1.07 x 10 5 cm-3) while the atomizer had the lowest (7.34 x 10 2 cm-3). Particle geometric means ranged from 0.78 to 1.1 mum (GSD = 1.3 - 1.6) for the generation methods. The BioSampler had the highest viability (0.362 PFU/cm3 air) compared to N6 impactor (0.0166 PFU/cm3 air) and the membrane filter (0.0918 PFU/cm3 air). The non-circulating bubbler had the highest viability (0.865 PFU/cm3 air) while the STAG had the lowest (0.0049 PFU/cm 3 air). Changes in temperature, humidity, and sampling media had significant effects on virus viability (&sim;3-5 fold differences). Finally, qRT-PCR was utilized to determine the total amount of virus in the aerosol samples. Due to 100-fold increase between plaque assay (PFU/ml) and qRT-PCR (genome # targets/ml), qRT-PCR is an effective application to aerosol sampling to ensure total virus counts. The results from this study indicate that optimal viability is obtained using the Collison nebulizer with BioSampler and gelatin filter for particle generation and sampling methods, respectively. The research also provides risk management analysis for respirator selection for airborne infectious agents. Health care workers are at risk of exposure to airborne infectious agents, including influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian influenza A (H5N1), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and other infectious agents. Selection of appropriate respiratory protective equipment requires an understanding of the airborne infectious agents and their infectious and aerodynamic properties, the operating characteristics of the respirators, and the behaviors and characteristics of the health care workers using the respirators. It is recommended that: (1) the most effective protection for healthcare workers will be achieved by the use of powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and (2) for maximum effectiveness, respiratory protection programs should include selection of appropriate respirators for the anticipated hazard(s) and characteristics of the user/wearer, combined with effective periodic quantitative fit testing and respirator maintenance, and regular worker training.

ISBN: 9781109128673Subjects--Topical Terms:

1019068
Biology, Virology.

Characterization of generation and sampling methods for viral aerosols.
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