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The role of terrestrial habitat in t...

University of Missouri - Columbia.

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The role of terrestrial habitat in the population dynamics and conservation of pond-breeding amphibians.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The role of terrestrial habitat in the population dynamics and conservation of pond-breeding amphibians./
作者:	Harper, Elizabeth B.
面頁冊數:	191 p.
附註:	Adviser: Raymond Semlitsch.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-06B.
標題:	Biology, Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=3322699
ISBN:	9780549727231

The role of terrestrial habitat in the population dynamics and conservation of pond-breeding amphibians.
Harper, Elizabeth B.

The role of terrestrial habitat in the population dynamics and conservation of pond-breeding amphibians. - 191 p.

Adviser: Raymond Semlitsch.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri - Columbia, 2007.

Habitat loss and degradation are implicated in the majority of amphibian population declines in the United States and throughout the world. With a complex life cycle requiring both aquatic and terrestrial habitat, pond-breeding amphibians are especially vulnerable to changes in habitat quantity and quality. Conservation of aquatic breeding habitat is clearly essential for these populations, however, changes in terrestrial habitat quality that affect juvenile or adult survival can result in declines and increased extinction rates even when aquatic breeding habitat is protected. Because amphibian research has historically focused on the aquatic larval stage, less is known about terrestrial life history stages and their role in amphibian population dynamics. Recent demographic models have suggested that amphibian population trends are most sensitive to changes in terrestrial stage vital rates, emphasizing the need to better understand factors affecting the terrestrial life history stages of pond-breeding amphibians.

ISBN: 9780549727231Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017726
Biology, Ecology.

The role of terrestrial habitat in the population dynamics and conservation of pond-breeding amphibians.
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245 1 4 $a The role of terrestrial habitat in the population dynamics and conservation of pond-breeding amphibians.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri - Columbia, 2007.
520 $a Habitat loss and degradation are implicated in the majority of amphibian population declines in the United States and throughout the world. With a complex life cycle requiring both aquatic and terrestrial habitat, pond-breeding amphibians are especially vulnerable to changes in habitat quantity and quality. Conservation of aquatic breeding habitat is clearly essential for these populations, however, changes in terrestrial habitat quality that affect juvenile or adult survival can result in declines and increased extinction rates even when aquatic breeding habitat is protected. Because amphibian research has historically focused on the aquatic larval stage, less is known about terrestrial life history stages and their role in amphibian population dynamics. Recent demographic models have suggested that amphibian population trends are most sensitive to changes in terrestrial stage vital rates, emphasizing the need to better understand factors affecting the terrestrial life history stages of pond-breeding amphibians.
520 $a In my dissertation research, I used both demographic modeling and experimental field research to evaluate the role of terrestrial habitat in the population dynamics and conservation of pond-breeding amphibians. I have focused on questions that ask how the quantity and quality of terrestrial habitat available to amphibians affects demographic rates and how these changes can affect populations.
520 $a Striking a feasible balance between human land-use and habitat conservation is one of the greatest challenges in efforts to conserve biodiversity. However, the specific risks of varying amounts of habitat loss are often difficult to quantify, hindering conservation efforts. In my research, I began by using data available in the literature to develop stochastic, stage-structured demographic models for two pond-breeding amphibian species, the wood frog Rana sylvatica and the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum . I used these models to determine the potential effects of a range of core terrestrial habitat areas on population size and time to extinction for both species. These models offer a means of quantifying the risks associated with habitat loss and degradation. Model simulation results emphasize that the maintenance of viable pondbreeding amphibian populations is dependent on a sufficient quantity and quality of terrestrial habitat, as well as connectivity among local populations. Model simulations also highlight important species-specific responses.
520 $a Using the model building process to focus my research goals, I next carried out field experiments designed to improve model accuracy. In the first of these experiments I manipulated terrestrial densities of wood frogs and American toads (Bufo americanus) and followed the growth, survival and reproductive rates of individuals over the course of a year. Results from this experiment suggest that terrestrial density can affect vital rates of juvenile amphibians and should be considered in models of amphibian population dynamics. I also carried out field experiments to determine the effects of specific forestry practices on the survival of juvenile wood frogs and American toads. The results of these experiments indicate that forestry practices interact with existing landscape structure to determine microclimate and thereby influence amphibian survival. Returning to the model building process, I used the results of my field experiments to develop a demographic model designed to evaluate the potential effects of specific forestry practices on the probability of persistence and size of local wood frog populations. I also used the model to predict the population level effects of reductions in immigration rates and to test the potential effectiveness of different management options in mitigating the effects of forestry practices. Model simulations demonstrated that changes in juvenile survival resulting from forestry practices can have substantial population level effects, increasing extinction probabilities up to 100%. However, the magnitude of these effects depends greatly on both the type of forestry practice employed as well as the proportion of emerging metamorphs affected.
520 $a The results of my research indicate that the quantity and quality of terrestrial habitat available to pond-breeding amphibians can affect juvenile survival, growth and reproductive rates, and that these changes can have substantial population level consequences including increased extinction probabilities and decreased population sizes. Future research will incorporate these results into spatially explicit models of amphibian metapopulation dynamics.
590 $a School code: 0133.
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650 4 $a Biology, Limnology. $3 1018638
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791 $a Ph.D.
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