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Motivational and personality influen...

Washington University in St. Louis.

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Motivational and personality influences on cognitive control and task performance.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Motivational and personality influences on cognitive control and task performance./
作者:	Locke, Hannah Sypher.
面頁冊數:	274 p.
附註:	Adviser: Todd Braver.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-10B.
標題:	Biology, Neuroscience. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3332111
ISBN:	9780549839057

Motivational and personality influences on cognitive control and task performance.
Locke, Hannah Sypher.

Motivational and personality influences on cognitive control and task performance. - 274 p.

Adviser: Todd Braver.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2008.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the psychological and neural mechanisms by which an increase in motivation leads to performance gains during cognitive tasks. Thirty-one healthy young adults engaged in a Sternberg-type working memory task while undergoing neuroimaging. Participants were offered incentives for performance that was correct and faster than their baseline performance: either cash or liquid rewards, or avoidance of cash and liquid penalties. Results revealed large (25%) drops in reaction times with no associated increases in error rates for all incentive conditions. State activity results showed elevated activity in cognitive control regions in both cash conditions, which did not differ by valence. Thus, participants responded to opportunities for gain and loss of cash incentives with a sustained increase in cognitive control to prevent lapses in attention and keep the task active. The juice conditions did not show increased sustained activity in cognitive control regions; however, event-related analyses revealed early-trial modulation by incentive magnitude in cognitive control structures in the juice conditions that was absent in the cash conditions. In sum, participants shifted from a state-related pattern of activity in cash to an event-related pattern in juice, perhaps because the consequences of behavior were immediate, and thus able to drive increases at the time of the cue. Conversely, because cash incentives were delayed, their incentive value may have had to be actively maintained in a sustained way to influence behavior. Effects of individual differences in reward sensitivity on state activity were also observed, with more reward sensitive individuals showing increased activity in both cognitive control regions and affective regions. For reward cash, cognitive control regions correlated with higher reward sensitivity and faster reaction times were identified, suggesting a potential pathway through which reward sensitive individuals were able to obtain the rewards they desired.

ISBN: 9780549839057Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017680
Biology, Neuroscience.

Motivational and personality influences on cognitive control and task performance.
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520 $a The aim of the current study was to investigate the psychological and neural mechanisms by which an increase in motivation leads to performance gains during cognitive tasks. Thirty-one healthy young adults engaged in a Sternberg-type working memory task while undergoing neuroimaging. Participants were offered incentives for performance that was correct and faster than their baseline performance: either cash or liquid rewards, or avoidance of cash and liquid penalties. Results revealed large (25%) drops in reaction times with no associated increases in error rates for all incentive conditions. State activity results showed elevated activity in cognitive control regions in both cash conditions, which did not differ by valence. Thus, participants responded to opportunities for gain and loss of cash incentives with a sustained increase in cognitive control to prevent lapses in attention and keep the task active. The juice conditions did not show increased sustained activity in cognitive control regions; however, event-related analyses revealed early-trial modulation by incentive magnitude in cognitive control structures in the juice conditions that was absent in the cash conditions. In sum, participants shifted from a state-related pattern of activity in cash to an event-related pattern in juice, perhaps because the consequences of behavior were immediate, and thus able to drive increases at the time of the cue. Conversely, because cash incentives were delayed, their incentive value may have had to be actively maintained in a sustained way to influence behavior. Effects of individual differences in reward sensitivity on state activity were also observed, with more reward sensitive individuals showing increased activity in both cognitive control regions and affective regions. For reward cash, cognitive control regions correlated with higher reward sensitivity and faster reaction times were identified, suggesting a potential pathway through which reward sensitive individuals were able to obtain the rewards they desired.
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