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Physiological impact of hematocrit l...

Mississippi State University., Poultry Science.

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Physiological impact of hematocrit level during stress in broilers.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Physiological impact of hematocrit level during stress in broilers./
Author:	McWilliams, Lindsay Hale.
Description:	148 p.
Notes:	Advisers: Yvonne V. Thaxton; James P. Thaxton.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-07B.
Subject:	Agriculture, Animal Pathology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3315168
ISBN:	9780549644453

Physiological impact of hematocrit level during stress in broilers.
McWilliams, Lindsay Hale.

Physiological impact of hematocrit level during stress in broilers. - 148 p.

Advisers: Yvonne V. Thaxton; James P. Thaxton.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University, 2008.

Initial experiments evaluated the impact of hematocrit on a bird's ability to adapt to stress and what physiological mechanisms occurred to maintain oxygen carrying capacity (OCC). A final experiment was conducted to obtain proteomic evaluation of protein expression in monocytes of unstressed broilers. In initial experiments, ACTH treatment was applied to hematocrit separated broilers. Experiments evaluated effects of ACTH on broilers with low (19 to 22%, Experiment 1; 18-21%, Experiment 3), high (25 to 28%, Experiment 1; 24 to 27%, Experiment 3) or non-selected hematocrit levels (Experiment 2 and 3). After 4 d of ACTH, all treated birds had significantly increased (P < 0.1) pCO2, HCO3-, and corticosterone levels, indicating as stress raises pCO2, HCO3 - must rise to maintain acid base balance. Birds not selected for hematocrit had significant drops in pO2 when given ACTH. Broilers compensate for low OCC through release of red blood cells from storage sites, indicated by decreases in organ hemoglobin and increases in hematocrit and blood hemoglobin when birds are given ACTH. Accelerated red blood cell formation does not appear to occur, because erythropoietin decreases following administration of ACTH to non-selected birds. ACTH induced stress, increased hemoglobin and hematocrit only in birds with low or non-selected hematocrit, suggesting high hematocrit birds prior to stress have an adaptive advantage during stress. Higher hematocrit prior to stress apparently provides ample OCC during stress. Unselected birds appear to require initiation of an inflammatory response to adapt to stress which can be noted by increases in total white blood cell count, monocytes, and heterophils and decreases in lymphocytes. High hematocrit birds appear less susceptible to stress effects by maintaining leukocytes at a constant level, while in non-selected birds lymphocyte percents drop. Proteomics was conducted on avian monocytes to reveal proteins related to immune functions, 3229 proteins were identified, with 46 involved in immune functions of professional antigen presenting cells. This protein data provides a means of comparing monocytes of stressed and unstressed animals in the future. In conclusion, evaluated hematocrit is advantageous in adaptation to stress through maintenance of high OCC, acid base balance and immune cells.

ISBN: 9780549644453Subjects--Topical Terms:

1021764
Agriculture, Animal Pathology.

Physiological impact of hematocrit level during stress in broilers.
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020 $a 9780549644453
035 $a (UMI)AAI3315168
035 $a AAI3315168
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a McWilliams, Lindsay Hale. $3 1021763
245 1 0 $a Physiological impact of hematocrit level during stress in broilers.
300 $a 148 p.
500 $a Advisers: Yvonne V. Thaxton; James P. Thaxton.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-07, Section: B, page: 3926.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University, 2008.
520 $a Initial experiments evaluated the impact of hematocrit on a bird's ability to adapt to stress and what physiological mechanisms occurred to maintain oxygen carrying capacity (OCC). A final experiment was conducted to obtain proteomic evaluation of protein expression in monocytes of unstressed broilers. In initial experiments, ACTH treatment was applied to hematocrit separated broilers. Experiments evaluated effects of ACTH on broilers with low (19 to 22%, Experiment 1; 18-21%, Experiment 3), high (25 to 28%, Experiment 1; 24 to 27%, Experiment 3) or non-selected hematocrit levels (Experiment 2 and 3). After 4 d of ACTH, all treated birds had significantly increased (P < 0.1) pCO2, HCO3-, and corticosterone levels, indicating as stress raises pCO2, HCO3 - must rise to maintain acid base balance. Birds not selected for hematocrit had significant drops in pO2 when given ACTH. Broilers compensate for low OCC through release of red blood cells from storage sites, indicated by decreases in organ hemoglobin and increases in hematocrit and blood hemoglobin when birds are given ACTH. Accelerated red blood cell formation does not appear to occur, because erythropoietin decreases following administration of ACTH to non-selected birds. ACTH induced stress, increased hemoglobin and hematocrit only in birds with low or non-selected hematocrit, suggesting high hematocrit birds prior to stress have an adaptive advantage during stress. Higher hematocrit prior to stress apparently provides ample OCC during stress. Unselected birds appear to require initiation of an inflammatory response to adapt to stress which can be noted by increases in total white blood cell count, monocytes, and heterophils and decreases in lymphocytes. High hematocrit birds appear less susceptible to stress effects by maintaining leukocytes at a constant level, while in non-selected birds lymphocyte percents drop. Proteomics was conducted on avian monocytes to reveal proteins related to immune functions, 3229 proteins were identified, with 46 involved in immune functions of professional antigen presenting cells. This protein data provides a means of comparing monocytes of stressed and unstressed animals in the future. In conclusion, evaluated hematocrit is advantageous in adaptation to stress through maintenance of high OCC, acid base balance and immune cells.
590 $a School code: 0132.
650 4 $a Agriculture, Animal Pathology. $3 1021764
650 4 $a Biology, Animal Physiology. $3 1017835
690 $a 0433
690 $a 0476
710 2 $a Mississippi State University. $b Poultry Science. $3 1021762
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 69-07B.
790 $a 0132
790 1 0 $a McDaniel, Chris $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Pharr, Todd $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Pinchuk, Lesya $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Ryan, Peter $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Thaxton, James P., $e advisor
790 1 0 $a Thaxton, Yvonne V., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2008
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3315168