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Determining the Relationship Between...

Vitagliano, Juliana.

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Determining the Relationship Between Timing and Presence of Algae Cells, Protein Metabolism, and the Induction of Physiological Plasticity in the Pacific Sand Dollar, Dendraster excentricus.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Determining the Relationship Between Timing and Presence of Algae Cells, Protein Metabolism, and the Induction of Physiological Plasticity in the Pacific Sand Dollar, Dendraster excentricus./
Author:	Vitagliano, Juliana.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
Description:	52 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International85-06.
Subject:	Biology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30418290
ISBN:	9798381169065

Determining the Relationship Between Timing and Presence of Algae Cells, Protein Metabolism, and the Induction of Physiological Plasticity in the Pacific Sand Dollar, Dendraster excentricus.
Vitagliano, Juliana.

Determining the Relationship Between Timing and Presence of Algae Cells, Protein Metabolism, and the Induction of Physiological Plasticity in the Pacific Sand Dollar, Dendraster excentricus. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 52 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06.

Thesis (M.S.)--California State University, Long Beach, 2023.

Planktotrophic larvae, like that of Dendraster excentricus, are reliant on the heterogenous marine environment to provide food (algae cells) to fuel them throughout their planktonic developmental life stages. As the ability to acquire sufficient amounts of exogenous food impacts the rate of planktonic development by inducing various plasticity responses (morphological, physiological and biochemical), it is important to understand exactly how and when these plasticity responses are initiated. While plasticity responses are thought to be adaptive in nature, they can only be initiated if the organism possesses a reliable sensory mechanism by which to evaluate prevailing environmental conditions. Previous research in echinoid larvae has determined that environmental algae concentration is evaluated during pre-feeding embryonic stages and is linked to chemical secretions from the algal cells themselves. This pre-feeding exposure to future feeding conditions allows larvae to initiate arm length investment at an environmentally appropriate level for efficient feeding. This morphological plasticity response of growing longer larval arms in food-limited environments is supported by additional changes in physiological pathways relating to growth efficiency, including protein metabolism. The purpose of the current research was to determine how early in development the presence of algae cells are capable of inducing physiological plasticity in protein metabolism. Rates of total alanine transport, rates of protein synthesis, and measurements of protein biomass were determined in embryos (blastula [12 hours post-fertilization], and gastrula [24 hours post-fertilization]), and resulting early-stage larvae (3 days post-fertilization) in response to (1) embryonic algae exposure, (2) larval feeding treatment, and (3) the interaction between embryonic and larval algae treatments to understand how and when algae presence is capable of inducing physiological plasticity responses. Algae exposure during feeding (larval) development demonstrated that fed larvae increase both rates of protein synthesis (F = 41.332, df = 1, p < 0.001) and the amount of protein deposited as biomass (F = 33.116, df = 1, p = 0.001), demonstrating strong plasticity response to feeding environment during feeding development. Surprisingly, I did not find a significant effect of larval feeding treatment and rates of total alanine transport (F = 0.37, df = 1, p > 0.05) that has been identified to occur in previous studies. Embryos were unable to respond to the presence of algae cells in a manner that affected their embryonic protein metabolism. Though embryonic exposure was unable to affect embryonic protein metabolism, it is possible that embryos are still sensitive to their future feeding environment, as we observed that larvae resulting from embryos exposed to algae had higher amounts of protein biomass than larvae resulting from embryos reared in the absence of algae (F = 14.106, df = 1, p < 0.01); however, I did not observe any effects of embryonic algae exposure on larval rates of protein synthesis, or rates of total alanine transport. These results suggest that while embryos may be able to detect their future feeding conditions, they are unable to initiate physiological plasticity responses until they have achieved a feeding larval stage. While it is still unknown exactly how embryos are capable of sensing their future feeding environment, this research has defined when these plastic responses are being initiated.

ISBN: 9798381169065Subjects--Topical Terms:

522710
Biology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Dendraster excentricus

Determining the Relationship Between Timing and Presence of Algae Cells, Protein Metabolism, and the Induction of Physiological Plasticity in the Pacific Sand Dollar, Dendraster excentricus.
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