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Competitive Co-Existence Within a Rich Large Carnivore Guild.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Competitive Co-Existence Within a Rich Large Carnivore Guild./
作者:	Vissia, Sander.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
面頁冊數:	190 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-04A.
標題:	Vegetation. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30681661
ISBN:	9798380568951

Competitive Co-Existence Within a Rich Large Carnivore Guild.
Vissia, Sander.

Competitive Co-Existence Within a Rich Large Carnivore Guild. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 190 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2023.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The fundamental mechanism to understand species co-existence, the ecological niche, suggests that species have different responses to their surrounding biotic and abiotic environments. These different responses between different species, so-called niche differentiations, ensure that co-occurrence is possible between species, while similar species with similar ecological requirements cannot co-exist sustainably for long periods of time due to one species outcompeting the other. Competition between species can occur in two ways, namely exploitative competition, which arises from the use of a limiting shared resource, and interference competition, which involves more direct interactions such as kleptoparasitism or predation. This competition is especially apparent in the carnivore guild and is important in structuring carnivore communities and limiting carnivore species abundances and distribution. As large carnivores are important in structuring ecosystems and driving trophic cascades which affects large herbivore abundances, vegetation structure and composition and other (small) carnivore populations, carnivore conservation is therefore extremely important to protect ecosystem functioning. While anthropogenic factors play a major role in plummeting large carnivore populations, ecological factors and especially competition between carnivores can exacerbate this decline. In order to reduce the costs of competition, carnivores facilitate co-existence through partitioning along spatial, temporal and dietary axes hereby reducing ecological overlap. Partitioning along the different ecological axes is especially important in the African carnivore guild as it supports the richest assemblage of large carnivores on Earth. All different large carnivore species are ecologically similar and there is a great potential for competition. The ranges of the main focal species in this thesis, namely leopard, spotted hyena and brown hyena generally have minimal overlap due to the commonly competitive exclusion of brown hyena by spotted hyena making central Tuli in Botswana a rare and unique ecosystem. More information on the mechanisms that facilitate co-existence between these species is therefore extremely important. Virtually no research has been conducted on the mechanisms by which leopard, spotted hyena and brown hyena co-exist, mostly due to the fact that the combination of these three carnivore species in the same area is rare. I aim to fill this knowledge gap by answering the question whether temporary, spatial or dietary partitioning can accurately explain large carnivore's coexistence?To my knowledge, this study will be the first to simultaneously conduct research on the different ecological niche axes in a large carnivore guild, linking spatial, temporal and dietary partitioning to co-existence patterns. The overarching expectations of this thesis are 1) that spatial overlap between carnivore species is low, and / or that 2) temporal overlap between the carnivore species is low, and / or that 3) dietary overlap between the carnivore species is low.My thesis consists of two parts: first, I assess the importance of spatial and temporal partitioning on large carnivore co-existence in central Tuli. Second, I assess the importance of dietary partitioning on co-existence between the different carnivore species.Chapter 2 describes the mechanisms that brown hyena and spotted hyena use to facilitate coexistence between otherwise generally mutually exclusive species. Despite high temporal overlap and no negative impact of spotted hyena detection rate on brown hyena detection rate and vice versa indicating both hyena species did not avoid encounters, we found estimated densities among the highest reported in Southern Africa.

ISBN: 9798380568951Subjects--Topical Terms:

3560047
Vegetation.

Competitive Co-Existence Within a Rich Large Carnivore Guild.
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520 $a The fundamental mechanism to understand species co-existence, the ecological niche, suggests that species have different responses to their surrounding biotic and abiotic environments. These different responses between different species, so-called niche differentiations, ensure that co-occurrence is possible between species, while similar species with similar ecological requirements cannot co-exist sustainably for long periods of time due to one species outcompeting the other. Competition between species can occur in two ways, namely exploitative competition, which arises from the use of a limiting shared resource, and interference competition, which involves more direct interactions such as kleptoparasitism or predation. This competition is especially apparent in the carnivore guild and is important in structuring carnivore communities and limiting carnivore species abundances and distribution. As large carnivores are important in structuring ecosystems and driving trophic cascades which affects large herbivore abundances, vegetation structure and composition and other (small) carnivore populations, carnivore conservation is therefore extremely important to protect ecosystem functioning. While anthropogenic factors play a major role in plummeting large carnivore populations, ecological factors and especially competition between carnivores can exacerbate this decline. In order to reduce the costs of competition, carnivores facilitate co-existence through partitioning along spatial, temporal and dietary axes hereby reducing ecological overlap. Partitioning along the different ecological axes is especially important in the African carnivore guild as it supports the richest assemblage of large carnivores on Earth. All different large carnivore species are ecologically similar and there is a great potential for competition. The ranges of the main focal species in this thesis, namely leopard, spotted hyena and brown hyena generally have minimal overlap due to the commonly competitive exclusion of brown hyena by spotted hyena making central Tuli in Botswana a rare and unique ecosystem. More information on the mechanisms that facilitate co-existence between these species is therefore extremely important. Virtually no research has been conducted on the mechanisms by which leopard, spotted hyena and brown hyena co-exist, mostly due to the fact that the combination of these three carnivore species in the same area is rare. I aim to fill this knowledge gap by answering the question whether temporary, spatial or dietary partitioning can accurately explain large carnivore's coexistence?To my knowledge, this study will be the first to simultaneously conduct research on the different ecological niche axes in a large carnivore guild, linking spatial, temporal and dietary partitioning to co-existence patterns. The overarching expectations of this thesis are 1) that spatial overlap between carnivore species is low, and / or that 2) temporal overlap between the carnivore species is low, and / or that 3) dietary overlap between the carnivore species is low.My thesis consists of two parts: first, I assess the importance of spatial and temporal partitioning on large carnivore co-existence in central Tuli. Second, I assess the importance of dietary partitioning on co-existence between the different carnivore species.Chapter 2 describes the mechanisms that brown hyena and spotted hyena use to facilitate coexistence between otherwise generally mutually exclusive species. Despite high temporal overlap and no negative impact of spotted hyena detection rate on brown hyena detection rate and vice versa indicating both hyena species did not avoid encounters, we found estimated densities among the highest reported in Southern Africa.
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