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Combining Ecological Passions: Aquat...

Washko, Susan.

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Combining Ecological Passions: Aquatic Invertebrates in Sonoran Desert Rock Pools and Inclusive Undergraduate Field Experiences.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Combining Ecological Passions: Aquatic Invertebrates in Sonoran Desert Rock Pools and Inclusive Undergraduate Field Experiences./
作者:	Washko, Susan.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
面頁冊數:	92 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-11, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-11A.
標題:	Aquatic sciences. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30420684
ISBN:	9798379491239

Combining Ecological Passions: Aquatic Invertebrates in Sonoran Desert Rock Pools and Inclusive Undergraduate Field Experiences.
Washko, Susan.

Combining Ecological Passions: Aquatic Invertebrates in Sonoran Desert Rock Pools and Inclusive Undergraduate Field Experiences. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 92 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-11, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Arizona, 2023.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

An important and often-overlooked source of surface water in the Sonoran Desert is the water contained in rock pools. Rock pools are eroded depressions in rock outcrops that fill with precipitation and slowly evaporate over time. The number of days inundated is known as the hydroperiod, which is a limiting factor for aquatic invertebrates living within the pool because they must complete development before the pool dries. As climate change causes hotter, drier conditions, rock pool hydroperiods may shorten in the future, raising questions about how rock pool inhabitants could be affected. This dissertation explores how hydroperiods shape aquatic invertebrate communities, invertebrate adaptations for surviving drying, and training the next generation of aquatic ecologists who could continue this work into the future.In Chapter 1, I review the rock pool aquatic invertebrate literature to elucidate which habitat factors commonly control these aquatic communities and similarities in community composition across the globe. I found that hydroperiod was the main factor shaping aquatic invertebrate communities. Synthesizing rock pool taxa lists indicated that half the taxa were passive dispersers and half active dispersers. Of active disperser taxa, 60% were predators and 33% gatherers. In contrast, most passive disperser taxa were herbivorous, comprised of filterers (39%), gatherers (29%), and scrapers (21%). These results provide a foundation for future work on how rock pool ecosystems may change as hydroperiods shorten.Chapter 2 explored the aquatic invertebrate communities in rock pools of varying hydroperiods in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona, focusing on community composition and trait composition. Longer hydroperiod pools supported a higher species richness than shorter-hydroperiod pools. Invertebrates in longer-lasting pools were often active dispersers, whereas in short-lived pools the invertebrates were mostly passive dispersers. Most individuals in rock pools were able to utilize dormancy to survive drying. Interestingly, 46% of rock pool taxa were absent in nearby permanent water bodies, demonstrating the value of rock pools to regional aquatic biodiversity.Chapter 3 was a microcosm experiment testing Odontomyia (Stratiomyidae) larvae's capacity to survive drying via dormancy (an adaptation where vital body functions are halted to withstand drying). Odontomyia can enter dormancy and revive at least twice, with survival decreasing after each drying episode. Moist substrate was not necessary to successfully survive dormancy; body mass and survival were not different in treatments with moist versus completely dry sediment. More research is needed to understand how drying affects pupation and emergence, as well as energy limitations of dormancy. Further work will elucidate if the population can persist through changes to hydroperiods as a result of climate change.As climate change continues to affect aquatic ecosystems, scientists will need to study the resulting shifts to inform policy and management. Chapter 4 is about training a diverse body of future aquatic ecologists. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the inequities in online students' access to field experiences. To remedy this, I created a guide for designing an asynchronous aquatic ecology field trip to provide safe, inclusive field experiences to remote learners. This chapter includes the step-by-step guide as well as a reflection (Appendix E) on the results of implementing the asynchronous field trip in a real class.

ISBN: 9798379491239Subjects--Topical Terms:

3174300
Aquatic sciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Aquatic invertebrates

Combining Ecological Passions: Aquatic Invertebrates in Sonoran Desert Rock Pools and Inclusive Undergraduate Field Experiences.
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520 $a An important and often-overlooked source of surface water in the Sonoran Desert is the water contained in rock pools. Rock pools are eroded depressions in rock outcrops that fill with precipitation and slowly evaporate over time. The number of days inundated is known as the hydroperiod, which is a limiting factor for aquatic invertebrates living within the pool because they must complete development before the pool dries. As climate change causes hotter, drier conditions, rock pool hydroperiods may shorten in the future, raising questions about how rock pool inhabitants could be affected. This dissertation explores how hydroperiods shape aquatic invertebrate communities, invertebrate adaptations for surviving drying, and training the next generation of aquatic ecologists who could continue this work into the future.In Chapter 1, I review the rock pool aquatic invertebrate literature to elucidate which habitat factors commonly control these aquatic communities and similarities in community composition across the globe. I found that hydroperiod was the main factor shaping aquatic invertebrate communities. Synthesizing rock pool taxa lists indicated that half the taxa were passive dispersers and half active dispersers. Of active disperser taxa, 60% were predators and 33% gatherers. In contrast, most passive disperser taxa were herbivorous, comprised of filterers (39%), gatherers (29%), and scrapers (21%). These results provide a foundation for future work on how rock pool ecosystems may change as hydroperiods shorten.Chapter 2 explored the aquatic invertebrate communities in rock pools of varying hydroperiods in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona, focusing on community composition and trait composition. Longer hydroperiod pools supported a higher species richness than shorter-hydroperiod pools. Invertebrates in longer-lasting pools were often active dispersers, whereas in short-lived pools the invertebrates were mostly passive dispersers. Most individuals in rock pools were able to utilize dormancy to survive drying. Interestingly, 46% of rock pool taxa were absent in nearby permanent water bodies, demonstrating the value of rock pools to regional aquatic biodiversity.Chapter 3 was a microcosm experiment testing Odontomyia (Stratiomyidae) larvae's capacity to survive drying via dormancy (an adaptation where vital body functions are halted to withstand drying). Odontomyia can enter dormancy and revive at least twice, with survival decreasing after each drying episode. Moist substrate was not necessary to successfully survive dormancy; body mass and survival were not different in treatments with moist versus completely dry sediment. More research is needed to understand how drying affects pupation and emergence, as well as energy limitations of dormancy. Further work will elucidate if the population can persist through changes to hydroperiods as a result of climate change.As climate change continues to affect aquatic ecosystems, scientists will need to study the resulting shifts to inform policy and management. Chapter 4 is about training a diverse body of future aquatic ecologists. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the inequities in online students' access to field experiences. To remedy this, I created a guide for designing an asynchronous aquatic ecology field trip to provide safe, inclusive field experiences to remote learners. This chapter includes the step-by-step guide as well as a reflection (Appendix E) on the results of implementing the asynchronous field trip in a real class.
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