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Drivers of Intraspecific Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity in Fleshy-Fruited Plants.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Drivers of Intraspecific Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity in Fleshy-Fruited Plants./
Author:	Cavazos, Brittany Rayne.
Description:	1 online resource (98 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-12B.
Subject:	Ecology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29161603click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798819385296

Drivers of Intraspecific Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity in Fleshy-Fruited Plants.
Cavazos, Brittany Rayne.

Drivers of Intraspecific Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity in Fleshy-Fruited Plants. - 1 online resource (98 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Iowa State University, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Climate change, habitat destruction, overexploitation, and invasive species have led to the loss of key species interactions and gains of novel species interactions. These interactions may have long-term consequences for ecosystem stability and function. With such drastic change, there is an urgent need to understand 1) the underlying variation and drivers of traits linked to fitness and 2) how organisms rapidly modify their behavior as a response to change through phenotypic plasticity. Although plants are mostly sessile, there is increasing evidence that plants actively respond to changes in their abiotic and biotic environment through shifts in resource allocation. In comparison to vegetative plant structures, little is known about how plants manipulate resources in their reproductive structures to directly respond to changes in species interactions. Fleshy-fruited plants require animal-mediated dispersal to disperse their seeds; thus, seed dispersers increase their overall fitness. The role of biotic interactions in shaping fruit traits has not been fully explored. With a change or loss of frugivory, we hypothesized that a plant would plastically respond to this lack of stimulus by manipulating its fruit traits. I used a combination of greenhouse and field experiments to address the following questions: 1) How does light availability and competition impact fruit traits? 2) What is the degree of intraspecific variation in fruits traits on islands with different levels of animal-mediated dispersal? 3) Do plants demonstrate plasticity in their fruit traits to changes in frugivore abundance? Using an observational approach over a season, I tracked the phenology of invasive blackberry in a mesic forest in Hawaiʻi to determine if light and native understory competition impacted blackberry reproductive output. While I found that light increased reproductive output, there was no evidence of native competition affecting reproduction; phenology was not impacted by either variable. I then conducted a comparative study in the Mariana Islands, analyzing fruit traits at multiple spatial scales on islands with and without avian seed dispersal. I found that variation in fruit traits of canopy trees was high, especially at the within-population and within-tree levels. I also found that a few species showed differences in mean fruit size in Guam, where avian frugivores are largely absent, compared to other islands with avian frugivores, suggesting a biotic factor - the lack of frugivory - may be impacting the underlying trait variation across the island. To test this idea, I conducted a greenhouse experiment in which I manipulated fruit removal rates in a wild tomato, Solanum pimpinellifolium, and measured fruit traits over time. I found that plants with no fruit removal produced significantly smaller, less seedy fruits, and this effect became stronger over time. Plants with a high rate of fruit removal had a more consistent phenotype across the study duration than those with moderate or low removal rates. This suggests that plants can exhibit frugivore-mediated plasticity by reducing resources allocated to individual fruits when frugivore visitation is reduced. This is the first experimental evidence of frugivore-mediated plasticity in morphological fruit traits and suggests plants may have strategies to optimize their resources during conditions when frugivore visitation is uncertain. This dissertation provides a framework to continue frugivore-mediated plasticity and emphasizes the importance of incorporating reproductive traits into functional trait research.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798819385296Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

FrugivoryIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Drivers of Intraspecific Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity in Fleshy-Fruited Plants.
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