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The Modulation of Semantic Association Effects By Relational and Syntactic Structures : = Behavioral and Brain Correlates.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The Modulation of Semantic Association Effects By Relational and Syntactic Structures :/
其他題名:	Behavioral and Brain Correlates.
作者:	Herbay, Alexandre.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (270 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-05B.
標題:	Language. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30157938click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798352985915

The Modulation of Semantic Association Effects By Relational and Syntactic Structures : = Behavioral and Brain Correlates.
Herbay, Alexandre.

The Modulation of Semantic Association Effects By Relational and Syntactic Structures :Behavioral and Brain Correlates. - 1 online resource (270 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Semantic processing of a target word can be facilitated in the context of a semantically related prime word (semantic priming). In this dissertation, I explored how two types of contextual structural relationship influence the real-time processing of word meaning and modulate semantic priming. Specifically, I evaluated the effect of semantic relations promoted by lists of word pairs and the effect of linear and hierarchical distance between primes and targets in sentences.Using event-related potentials (ERPs), the first study investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms involved in relational priming, that is the increased priming effect found in related word pairs (e.g., long-short) that are preceded by other pairs that share the same semantic relation (other antonyms). One question was whether relational priming relies on post-lexical integration, as suggested by reduced negative amplitude in the late N400 time window found in a previous study (Steinhauer et al., 2017), or on delayed prediction-based mechanisms. In line with the latter mechanisms, we found relational priming effects starting early on the prime word as well as N250 and N400 effects reflecting effects on both the form and meaning processing of the target word. The effects were less prominent for word pairs that had a different semantic relation. Moreover, participants with faster response times displayed stronger effects on the prime word, reflecting proactive and strategic processing. In contrast, slower participants displayed smaller or no effects on the prime, but late positivities after target onset that could be associated with reactive processing. These results suggest that predictive mechanisms are likely to underlie optimal semantic relational priming. However, prediction of the target word is not systematic, and relational priming can also happen at a slower pace, based on an evaluation of the semantic relation that follows lexical access.The second study focused on hierarchical syntactic structures, as their influence on real-time semantic processing in sentences is still controversial. Indeed, some theories emphasize the role of linear sequence and distance between words rather than hierarchical relations (Frank et al., 2018). Previous research on within-sentence semantic priming has had mixed results and has never systematically manipulated these two dimensions together. In this study, we evaluated how linear distance and the syntactic relation between a prime and a target word within the same grammatical sentence modulate the priming effect as reflected in target word reading times. As predicted, we found that syntactic relation modulated the semantic association effect for both short and long linear distances: while priming was observed when prime and target words were in a direct syntactic relation, an interference effect was found for indirect relations. These results highlight the role of hierarchical structure in structuring the message-level context of a sentence and in guiding semantic integration. Conversely, the linear distance between primes and targets does not significantly influence the semantic processing of the prime. The size of priming and interference effects was correlated with individual priming effects in isolated word pairs, as well as with measures of working memory capacity.Taken together, the two studies provide evidence that relationships between words within contextual representations in working memory, whether semantic relations from the mental lexicon or hierarchical syntactic structures in sentence processing, modulate how words are semantically processed and integrated. This dissertation also underlines the importance of individual characteristics and strategies in real-time semantic processing.The last manuscript describes ERPscope, a new freely available R package that was developed in the context of this thesis work, to better visualize and analyze ERP data with flexible and intuitive customization options.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798352985915Subjects--Topical Terms:

643551
Language.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

The Modulation of Semantic Association Effects By Relational and Syntactic Structures : = Behavioral and Brain Correlates.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2022.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Semantic processing of a target word can be facilitated in the context of a semantically related prime word (semantic priming). In this dissertation, I explored how two types of contextual structural relationship influence the real-time processing of word meaning and modulate semantic priming. Specifically, I evaluated the effect of semantic relations promoted by lists of word pairs and the effect of linear and hierarchical distance between primes and targets in sentences.Using event-related potentials (ERPs), the first study investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms involved in relational priming, that is the increased priming effect found in related word pairs (e.g., long-short) that are preceded by other pairs that share the same semantic relation (other antonyms). One question was whether relational priming relies on post-lexical integration, as suggested by reduced negative amplitude in the late N400 time window found in a previous study (Steinhauer et al., 2017), or on delayed prediction-based mechanisms. In line with the latter mechanisms, we found relational priming effects starting early on the prime word as well as N250 and N400 effects reflecting effects on both the form and meaning processing of the target word. The effects were less prominent for word pairs that had a different semantic relation. Moreover, participants with faster response times displayed stronger effects on the prime word, reflecting proactive and strategic processing. In contrast, slower participants displayed smaller or no effects on the prime, but late positivities after target onset that could be associated with reactive processing. These results suggest that predictive mechanisms are likely to underlie optimal semantic relational priming. However, prediction of the target word is not systematic, and relational priming can also happen at a slower pace, based on an evaluation of the semantic relation that follows lexical access.The second study focused on hierarchical syntactic structures, as their influence on real-time semantic processing in sentences is still controversial. Indeed, some theories emphasize the role of linear sequence and distance between words rather than hierarchical relations (Frank et al., 2018). Previous research on within-sentence semantic priming has had mixed results and has never systematically manipulated these two dimensions together. In this study, we evaluated how linear distance and the syntactic relation between a prime and a target word within the same grammatical sentence modulate the priming effect as reflected in target word reading times. As predicted, we found that syntactic relation modulated the semantic association effect for both short and long linear distances: while priming was observed when prime and target words were in a direct syntactic relation, an interference effect was found for indirect relations. These results highlight the role of hierarchical structure in structuring the message-level context of a sentence and in guiding semantic integration. Conversely, the linear distance between primes and targets does not significantly influence the semantic processing of the prime. The size of priming and interference effects was correlated with individual priming effects in isolated word pairs, as well as with measures of working memory capacity.Taken together, the two studies provide evidence that relationships between words within contextual representations in working memory, whether semantic relations from the mental lexicon or hierarchical syntactic structures in sentence processing, modulate how words are semantically processed and integrated. This dissertation also underlines the importance of individual characteristics and strategies in real-time semantic processing.The last manuscript describes ERPscope, a new freely available R package that was developed in the context of this thesis work, to better visualize and analyze ERP data with flexible and intuitive customization options.
520 $a L'amorcage semantique refere a la facilitation du traitement semantique d'un mot cible s'il est precede par un mot semantiquement relie (nomme amorce). Cette these explore comment deux types de relations, au sein de la representation du contexte linguistique en memoire de travail, influencent le traitement du sens des mots en temps reel et modulent l'amorcage semantique. Plus precisement, deux etudes experimentales evaluent l'effet de la promotion de relations semantiques specifiques au sein de listes de paires de mots ainsi que l'effet de la distance lineaire et hierarchique (syntaxique) entre les amorces et les cibles presentees au sein de phrases.A l'aide de la methode des potentiels evoques (ERPs), la premiere etude examine les mecanismes neurocognitifs impliques dans l'amorcage relationnel, c'est-a-dire l'effet d'amorcage accru qui apparait pour des paires de mots semantiquement relies (par exemple, long-court) lorsqu'elles sont precedees d'autres paires partageant la meme relation semantique (par exemple, d'autres antonymes). L'objectif de recherche etait de determiner si l'amorcage relationnel repose sur l'integration post-lexicale, comme le suggere la reduction tardive de l'amplitude de la composante N400 rapportee dans une etude precedente (Steinhauer et al., 2017) ou bien sur des mecanismes bases sur la prediction. En accord avec les processus predictifs, les resultats de la premiere etude revelent des effets d'amorcage relationnel (c'est-a-dire des reductions d'amplitude de composantes negatives) qui debutent de maniere precoce des l'apparition de l'amorce. Ces effets se poursuivent dans les fenetres temporelles des composantes ERPs N250 et N400, refletant une facilitation du traitement de la forme et du sens du mot cible. Ces effets de facilitation etaient moins prononces pour les paires de mots ayant une relation semantique differente. De plus, les participants les plus rapides a juger de la relation semantique entre les mots de chaque paire ont presente des effets ERPs plus prononces sur l'amorce, refletant un traitement proactif et strategique. Au contraire, les participants plus lents ont montre des effets plus faibles ou nuls sur l'amorce, mais des positivites tardives apres l'apparition de la cible qui pourraient etre associees a un traitement plus reactif. Ces resultats suggerent que les mecanismes de prediction sont susceptibles de sous-tendre un amorcage relationnel optimal. Cependant, la prediction du mot cible n'est pas systematique. En effet, l'amorcage relationnel peut egalement se produire a un rythme plus lent, en facilitant l'evaluation de la relation semantique entre l'amorce et la cible qui se produit apres avoir accede au sens du mot cible.La deuxieme etude s'est interessee aux structures syntaxiques hierarchiques. En effet, leur influence sur le traitement semantique en temps reel dans les phrases est encore controversee. Certaines theories suggerent que le traitement des phrases repose uniquement sur la sequence lineaire et la distance entre les mots, et non pas sur leurs relations hierarchiques (Frank et al., 2018). Les etudes precedentes sur l'amorcage semantique au sein de la phrase ont fourni des resultats contrastes et n'ont jamais manipule les deux dimensions susmentionnees de maniere conjointe et systematique.
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