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Breeding Waterfowl Productivity in a Flood-Irrigated Agricultural Landscape.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Breeding Waterfowl Productivity in a Flood-Irrigated Agricultural Landscape./
作者:	Setash, Casey M.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (172 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-02B.
標題:	Wildlife conservation. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30566740click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798380125673

Breeding Waterfowl Productivity in a Flood-Irrigated Agricultural Landscape.
Setash, Casey M.

Breeding Waterfowl Productivity in a Flood-Irrigated Agricultural Landscape. - 1 online resource (172 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Colorado State University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Similar to agricultural production, the sustainable management of waterfowl populations across the western United States inherently depends on limited water availability. Both endeavors are increasingly challenged by municipal demands for water, drought, and changes in the seasonality of precipitation. Healthy wetlands for wildlife can be sustained in conjunction with the needs of agricultural producers on working lands, but the multifaceted importance of water management is rarely quantified. Information pertaining to the multiple benefits of water management practices might bring to light the larger societal importance of sound water management. This may allow natural resource managers to allocate resources more efficiently and effectively by directing them towards the practices with demonstrated advantages for both wildlife and agricultural producers. The North Platte Basin in north-central Colorado (hereafter North Park) is a model system to evaluate benefits and trade-offs of hydrological manipulations that benefit both agricultural producers and fish and wildlife. Not only are waterfowl and water management already being conducted by federal and state agencies and NGOs like Ducks Unlimited, but North Park is also representative of many working lands throughout the Intermountain West. Agricultural producers in North Park flood irrigate rather than using center-pivot irrigation, which strongly affects on hydrological regimes, water tables, wetlands, and stream flows. Flood irrigation more closely resembles natural stream and river flood regimes and is thought to be more beneficial for wildlife, water table recharge, and evaporative cooling of return flow water. As water resources become diverted for urban municipal uses and the increasing frequency of drought reduces water availability in the semi-arid West, it is believed that the North Platte Basin may begin to play a significant role in the production of waterfowl on a statewide or even a flyway scale. As private land becomes an increasingly important component of waterfowl habitat and water resources become limiting, a strong foundational knowledge regarding how flood-irrigated systems impact wetland-dependent species will therefore be imperative to properly manage waterfowl populations in coordination with agricultural production.We first sought to evaluate the efficacy of flood-irrigated agricultural lands as nesting habitat for breeding waterfowl in the context of land-use intensity. The debate over the best agricultural practices for biological conservation typically focuses on land sharing and land sparing production strategies. One end of the spectrum posits that high-intensity agriculture and the smaller footprint associated with it allows for other land parcels to be spared for biodiversity and therefore provides more suitable habitat, whereas others argue that agricultural lands should be cultivated at a low intensity and interspersed with wildlife habitat, therefore sharing the land with wildlife. We evaluated the demographic consequences of land-sharing and land-sparing practices on breeding bird nest site selection and nest survival, focusing specifically on waterfowl in a flood-irrigated hay agricultural system. We specifically assessed the habitat features related to both shared and spared lands driving nest site selection at two scales and how those same features scaled up to impact nest survival. Nests were located disproportionately closer to uncut irrigated meadows and farther from harvested hay meadows relative to available points, but closer to irrigation ditches. Nests closer to irrigation ditches, uncut irrigated meadows, and open water also experienced higher nest survival. This system is representative of many agricultural systems around the globe and illustrates the ways agricultural practices can shape habitat selection have reproductive consequences for wildlife.After evaluating the importance of wetlands associated with flood irrigation for nesting, we focused our efforts on elucidating their contributions as foraging habitat. Food availability varies considerably over space and time in wetland systems, and consumers must be able to track those changes during energetically-expensive events like breeding. Resource tracking has been studied frequently among herbivores, but rarely receives attention among consumers of macroinvertebrates. We evaluated the change in resource energy density across habitat types and time, and the ability of waterfowl to track macroinvertebrate resources across wetland types and over the course of the breeding season in a high-elevation, flood-irrigated system. We also assessed whether the density of energy resulting from macroinvertebrates explained more of the variation in waterfowl abundance across habitats, or whether the consistency (i.e., temporal evenness) of the resource played a larger role using a pseudo-R2 metric. Energy density varied widely across wetland types, but was highest in basin wetlands (i.e., ponds) and was higher in wetlands with higher temperatures, specific conductivity, and lower dissolved oxygen. Both breeding pair abundance and duckling abundance were positively associated with energy density and resource consistency (R2 = 0.06 for pair abundance and 0.31 for duckling abundance), but energy density explained more of. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798380125673Subjects--Topical Terms:

542165
Wildlife conservation.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Demographic bufferingIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Breeding Waterfowl Productivity in a Flood-Irrigated Agricultural Landscape.
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The North Platte Basin in north-central Colorado (hereafter North Park) is a model system to evaluate benefits and trade-offs of hydrological manipulations that benefit both agricultural producers and fish and wildlife. Not only are waterfowl and water management already being conducted by federal and state agencies and NGOs like Ducks Unlimited, but North Park is also representative of many working lands throughout the Intermountain West. Agricultural producers in North Park flood irrigate rather than using center-pivot irrigation, which strongly affects on hydrological regimes, water tables, wetlands, and stream flows. Flood irrigation more closely resembles natural stream and river flood regimes and is thought to be more beneficial for wildlife, water table recharge, and evaporative cooling of return flow water. As water resources become diverted for urban municipal uses and the increasing frequency of drought reduces water availability in the semi-arid West, it is believed that the North Platte Basin may begin to play a significant role in the production of waterfowl on a statewide or even a flyway scale. As private land becomes an increasingly important component of waterfowl habitat and water resources become limiting, a strong foundational knowledge regarding how flood-irrigated systems impact wetland-dependent species will therefore be imperative to properly manage waterfowl populations in coordination with agricultural production.We first sought to evaluate the efficacy of flood-irrigated agricultural lands as nesting habitat for breeding waterfowl in the context of land-use intensity. The debate over the best agricultural practices for biological conservation typically focuses on land sharing and land sparing production strategies. One end of the spectrum posits that high-intensity agriculture and the smaller footprint associated with it allows for other land parcels to be spared for biodiversity and therefore provides more suitable habitat, whereas others argue that agricultural lands should be cultivated at a low intensity and interspersed with wildlife habitat, therefore sharing the land with wildlife. We evaluated the demographic consequences of land-sharing and land-sparing practices on breeding bird nest site selection and nest survival, focusing specifically on waterfowl in a flood-irrigated hay agricultural system. We specifically assessed the habitat features related to both shared and spared lands driving nest site selection at two scales and how those same features scaled up to impact nest survival. Nests were located disproportionately closer to uncut irrigated meadows and farther from harvested hay meadows relative to available points, but closer to irrigation ditches. Nests closer to irrigation ditches, uncut irrigated meadows, and open water also experienced higher nest survival. This system is representative of many agricultural systems around the globe and illustrates the ways agricultural practices can shape habitat selection have reproductive consequences for wildlife.After evaluating the importance of wetlands associated with flood irrigation for nesting, we focused our efforts on elucidating their contributions as foraging habitat. Food availability varies considerably over space and time in wetland systems, and consumers must be able to track those changes during energetically-expensive events like breeding. Resource tracking has been studied frequently among herbivores, but rarely receives attention among consumers of macroinvertebrates. We evaluated the change in resource energy density across habitat types and time, and the ability of waterfowl to track macroinvertebrate resources across wetland types and over the course of the breeding season in a high-elevation, flood-irrigated system. We also assessed whether the density of energy resulting from macroinvertebrates explained more of the variation in waterfowl abundance across habitats, or whether the consistency (i.e., temporal evenness) of the resource played a larger role using a pseudo-R2 metric. Energy density varied widely across wetland types, but was highest in basin wetlands (i.e., ponds) and was higher in wetlands with higher temperatures, specific conductivity, and lower dissolved oxygen. Both breeding pair abundance and duckling abundance were positively associated with energy density and resource consistency (R2 = 0.06 for pair abundance and 0.31 for duckling abundance), but energy density explained more of. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
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