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Aquatic Biodegradation of Fibers and Bio-Based Polymers for Nonwoven Applications.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Aquatic Biodegradation of Fibers and Bio-Based Polymers for Nonwoven Applications./
作者:	Kwon, Soojin.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (303 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-04B.
標題:	Lignocellulose. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29420032click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798352650394

Aquatic Biodegradation of Fibers and Bio-Based Polymers for Nonwoven Applications.
Kwon, Soojin.

Aquatic Biodegradation of Fibers and Bio-Based Polymers for Nonwoven Applications. - 1 online resource (303 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Plastic wastes are becoming a serious environmental and societal issue. Nonwoven products can also be a serious source of plastic wastes. Over half of nonwoven products are composed of synthetic polymers, and their impacts have increased along with the rise of production and consumption. Biodegradation can be a promising end-of-life solution for nonwoven wastes. Therefore, this study investigates the biodegradation of the materials for nonwovens.Fiber disintegration by mechanical action can be one of the outcomes of nonwoven materials in aquatic environments. In the present study, microfiber generation from nonwoven materials was investigated under the mechanical treatment with the launder Ometer and tissue dust analyzer (TDA). Commercial wet wipes and pilot plant-produced meltblown nonwovens were assessed. When hydroentangling or double bonding was applied and when the commercial nonwovens contained less natural cellulosic fibers, less microfibers were generated. Higher die to collector distance (DCD) and airflow rate contributed to producing bulkier and softer meltblown nonwovens with higher compliance, ultimately increasing the microfiber generation.Aquatic aerobic biodegradation experiments were executed in controlled lab-scale batch experiments with several nonwoven materials. The biodegradability of wood pulp fibers was affected by their chemical composition. Lignin, one of the lignocellulosic components, was resistant to biodegradation in an aquatic environment, and pulp fibers with a high amount of lignin were also less biodegraded. A total of twelve polymeric materials were analyzed. Polymer chemistry, including backbone chain structure, substituent structure, and degree of substitution, was related to the biodegradation of the polymers. The Gompertz kinetic model fitted to the biodegradation data, and it was determined that crystallinity negatively impacted the initial biodegradation rate and the ultimate biodegradation. Hydrophilicity of the polymers was negatively related to the lag phase.The polypropylene (PP)/ polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) blend biodegradation was investigated as a polymer blend of non-biodegradable synthetic polymer and bio-based biodegradable polymer. The PP and PHB were blended and spun as fibers using a twin-screw extruder. The blended fibers showed nonlinear increase of biodegradation extent depending on PHB content; no biodegradation up to 25% PHB and then an increasing biodegradation extent depending on the amount of PHB. After the biodegradation, the PP residuals revealed a fine fibrillar form, agreeing with the phase separation observed from the microscopic images. The polylactic acid (PLA)/PHB blending was done to investigate biodegradation of the polymer blending of two bio-based polyesters. The PLA component in the PLA/PHB blended fibers hindered the biodegradation of the PHB portion significantly. Essentially no biodegradation was observed from the PLA/PHB blend, except for the 75% PHB condition (11% final overall biodegradation). In the PHB 75% fibers, the fiber surface was damaged, and granule-like phase-separated residuals were left inside. The difference in biodegradation between PP/PHB and PLA/PHB blends suggested that the increased miscibility of the PLA/ PHB blend relative to the PP/PHB blend had a negative effect on the biodegradation of polymer blends.To further investigate impacts of miscibility on biodegradation, polymer blends with compatibilizers were spun as fibers and subjected to the biodegradation experiment.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798352650394Subjects--Topical Terms:

2186464
Lignocellulose.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Aquatic Biodegradation of Fibers and Bio-Based Polymers for Nonwoven Applications.
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245 1 0 $a Aquatic Biodegradation of Fibers and Bio-Based Polymers for Nonwoven Applications.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2022.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Plastic wastes are becoming a serious environmental and societal issue. Nonwoven products can also be a serious source of plastic wastes. Over half of nonwoven products are composed of synthetic polymers, and their impacts have increased along with the rise of production and consumption. Biodegradation can be a promising end-of-life solution for nonwoven wastes. Therefore, this study investigates the biodegradation of the materials for nonwovens.Fiber disintegration by mechanical action can be one of the outcomes of nonwoven materials in aquatic environments. In the present study, microfiber generation from nonwoven materials was investigated under the mechanical treatment with the launder Ometer and tissue dust analyzer (TDA). Commercial wet wipes and pilot plant-produced meltblown nonwovens were assessed. When hydroentangling or double bonding was applied and when the commercial nonwovens contained less natural cellulosic fibers, less microfibers were generated. Higher die to collector distance (DCD) and airflow rate contributed to producing bulkier and softer meltblown nonwovens with higher compliance, ultimately increasing the microfiber generation.Aquatic aerobic biodegradation experiments were executed in controlled lab-scale batch experiments with several nonwoven materials. The biodegradability of wood pulp fibers was affected by their chemical composition. Lignin, one of the lignocellulosic components, was resistant to biodegradation in an aquatic environment, and pulp fibers with a high amount of lignin were also less biodegraded. A total of twelve polymeric materials were analyzed. Polymer chemistry, including backbone chain structure, substituent structure, and degree of substitution, was related to the biodegradation of the polymers. The Gompertz kinetic model fitted to the biodegradation data, and it was determined that crystallinity negatively impacted the initial biodegradation rate and the ultimate biodegradation. Hydrophilicity of the polymers was negatively related to the lag phase.The polypropylene (PP)/ polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) blend biodegradation was investigated as a polymer blend of non-biodegradable synthetic polymer and bio-based biodegradable polymer. The PP and PHB were blended and spun as fibers using a twin-screw extruder. The blended fibers showed nonlinear increase of biodegradation extent depending on PHB content; no biodegradation up to 25% PHB and then an increasing biodegradation extent depending on the amount of PHB. After the biodegradation, the PP residuals revealed a fine fibrillar form, agreeing with the phase separation observed from the microscopic images. The polylactic acid (PLA)/PHB blending was done to investigate biodegradation of the polymer blending of two bio-based polyesters. The PLA component in the PLA/PHB blended fibers hindered the biodegradation of the PHB portion significantly. Essentially no biodegradation was observed from the PLA/PHB blend, except for the 75% PHB condition (11% final overall biodegradation). In the PHB 75% fibers, the fiber surface was damaged, and granule-like phase-separated residuals were left inside. The difference in biodegradation between PP/PHB and PLA/PHB blends suggested that the increased miscibility of the PLA/ PHB blend relative to the PP/PHB blend had a negative effect on the biodegradation of polymer blends.To further investigate impacts of miscibility on biodegradation, polymer blends with compatibilizers were spun as fibers and subjected to the biodegradation experiment.
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538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
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650 4 $a Fungi. $3 571472
650 4 $a Polyethylene. $3 2014375
650 4 $a Polylactic acid. $3 3297102
650 4 $a Lignin. $3 1097216
650 4 $a Plastics. $3 649803
650 4 $a Water treatment. $3 3683746
650 4 $a Cellulose. $3 588995
650 4 $a Carbon dioxide. $3 587886
650 4 $a Composting. $3 3548476
650 4 $a Decomposition. $3 3561186
650 4 $a Kinetics. $3 717752
650 4 $a Biomedical materials. $3 605745
650 4 $a Biodegradation. $3 705930
650 4 $a Polymer blends. $3 3693668
650 4 $a Contact angle. $3 3320098
650 4 $a Microorganisms. $3 666946
650 4 $a Textiles. $3 3559975
650 4 $a Nonwoven fabrics. $3 659206
650 4 $a Biomedical engineering. $3 535387
650 4 $a Environmental engineering. $3 548583
650 4 $a Industrial engineering. $3 526216
650 4 $a Microbiology. $3 536250
650 4 $a Physics. $3 516296
650 4 $a Polymer chemistry. $3 3173488
650 4 $a Textile research. $3 2153103
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 lcsh $3 542853
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773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 84-04B.
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