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Moving the Goalposts : = Migratory Birds in a Changing World = Moviendo los postes : Las aves migratorias en un mundo cambiante.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Moving the Goalposts :/
其他題名:	Migratory Birds in a Changing World = Moviendo los postes : Las aves migratorias en un mundo cambiante.
其他題名:	Moviendo los postes :
作者:	Nemes, Claire E.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (203 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-01B.
標題:	Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30422212click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798379753368

Moving the Goalposts : = Migratory Birds in a Changing World = Moviendo los postes : Las aves migratorias en un mundo cambiante.
Nemes, Claire E.

Moving the Goalposts :Migratory Birds in a Changing World = Moviendo los postes : Las aves migratorias en un mundo cambiante.Moviendo los postes :Las aves migratorias en un mundo cambiante. - 1 online resource (203 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Billions of birds undertake migratory movements each year, traveling distances that range from several hundreds to tens of thousands of kilometers. Migratory birds must be flexible enough to cope with the fluctuating conditions they encounter during these journeys and at their destinations. However, humans are rapidly and dramatically changing the environment across all portions of migratory species' ranges through habitat destruction and conversion, introduction of invasive species, climate change, and other alterations. My dissertation research seeks to understand the constraints and threats facing birds during two understudied phases of the annual cycle: migration and the non-breeding stationary period. In Chapter 1, I explore how human activities may nonlethally affect birds during migration. I reviewed the scientific literature for evidence of nonlethal effects and of interacting threats that may compound fitness costs to migrating birds. In general, I found that scientific understanding of nonlethal effects during migration lags behind research on direct mortality. Because birds migrate through increasingly anthropogenic landscapes and airspaces, I identify this knowledge gap as a hindrance to effective conservation of migratory birds. In Chapter 2, I investigate if individual songbirds adjust the rate and timing of spring migration based on the vegetation phenology they encounter within North America which may allow them to keep pace with advancing spring phenology under climate change. In the spring, migrating birds must quickly reach their breeding grounds to secure territories and mates ahead of the competition, but individuals that arrive too early may encounter inclement weather or food shortages. Using the Motus automated radio telemetry network, I tracked individual songbirds as they traveled from the southern U.S. towards their breeding areas in spring. I used estimates of spring onset timing at different points on their migration routes to determine if birds traveled in sync with the "green wave" of emerging vegetation or if they used a different strategy. I found that birds migrating from their non-breeding areas arrived in the southern U.S. well after local spring onset, but were able to catch up to the wave of emerging spring vegetation as they traveled northwards, following a "catching up" strategy rather than a "surfing" one. In Chapter 3, I examine how individual songbirds respond to the threat of predation during migratory stopover, when they must balance conflicting demands of refueling and avoiding predators. Migrating birds must contend with both native avian predators such as hawks (Accipiter sp.) and abundant introduced predators such as free-roaming domestic cats (Felis catus), yet their behavioral responses to cats have been little studied during migration. Using an aviary experiment, I exposed wild Gray Catbirds Dumetella carolinensis to either a hawk or a domestic cat and observed their behaviors before and after exposure to determine if they responded appropriately to the threat posed by each predator. When compared with a control group, Catbirds responded differently to both types of predators in the short term, but I detected no differences in their behavior after release. This study provides novel insights into the possible nonlethal effects of introduced predators that birds may encounter during migration. In Chapter 4, I shift focus to explore the threat that free-roaming domestic cats pose to birds in the Caribbean within a Neotropical city. Urban regions are increasingly recognized to provide valuable wildlife habitat but may also contain hazards such as introduced predators, and we currently lack information on the effects of free-roaming cats on migratory and resident bird species during non-breeding seasons. I designed a camera trapping project in San Juan, Puerto Rico to estimate free-roaming cat densities across a gradient of urbanization as a step towards understanding their potential impacts on wildlife. I deployed cameras across 16 trapping grids at three levels of urbanization and used photographic captures of cats to build spatial capture-recapture models. Estimated cat densities ranged from 48 ± 8 (SE) cats/km2 in exurban areas to 473 ± 40 cats/km2 in the most heavily urbanized parts of the city. These data may prove useful for conservation practitioners in San Juan deciding where to target cat management efforts for the benefit of urban wildlife and public health.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798379753368Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Anthropogenic threatsIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Moving the Goalposts : = Migratory Birds in a Changing World = Moviendo los postes : Las aves migratorias en un mundo cambiante.
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520 $a Billions of birds undertake migratory movements each year, traveling distances that range from several hundreds to tens of thousands of kilometers. Migratory birds must be flexible enough to cope with the fluctuating conditions they encounter during these journeys and at their destinations. However, humans are rapidly and dramatically changing the environment across all portions of migratory species' ranges through habitat destruction and conversion, introduction of invasive species, climate change, and other alterations. My dissertation research seeks to understand the constraints and threats facing birds during two understudied phases of the annual cycle: migration and the non-breeding stationary period. In Chapter 1, I explore how human activities may nonlethally affect birds during migration. I reviewed the scientific literature for evidence of nonlethal effects and of interacting threats that may compound fitness costs to migrating birds. In general, I found that scientific understanding of nonlethal effects during migration lags behind research on direct mortality. Because birds migrate through increasingly anthropogenic landscapes and airspaces, I identify this knowledge gap as a hindrance to effective conservation of migratory birds. In Chapter 2, I investigate if individual songbirds adjust the rate and timing of spring migration based on the vegetation phenology they encounter within North America which may allow them to keep pace with advancing spring phenology under climate change. In the spring, migrating birds must quickly reach their breeding grounds to secure territories and mates ahead of the competition, but individuals that arrive too early may encounter inclement weather or food shortages. Using the Motus automated radio telemetry network, I tracked individual songbirds as they traveled from the southern U.S. towards their breeding areas in spring. I used estimates of spring onset timing at different points on their migration routes to determine if birds traveled in sync with the "green wave" of emerging vegetation or if they used a different strategy. I found that birds migrating from their non-breeding areas arrived in the southern U.S. well after local spring onset, but were able to catch up to the wave of emerging spring vegetation as they traveled northwards, following a "catching up" strategy rather than a "surfing" one. In Chapter 3, I examine how individual songbirds respond to the threat of predation during migratory stopover, when they must balance conflicting demands of refueling and avoiding predators. Migrating birds must contend with both native avian predators such as hawks (Accipiter sp.) and abundant introduced predators such as free-roaming domestic cats (Felis catus), yet their behavioral responses to cats have been little studied during migration. Using an aviary experiment, I exposed wild Gray Catbirds Dumetella carolinensis to either a hawk or a domestic cat and observed their behaviors before and after exposure to determine if they responded appropriately to the threat posed by each predator. When compared with a control group, Catbirds responded differently to both types of predators in the short term, but I detected no differences in their behavior after release. This study provides novel insights into the possible nonlethal effects of introduced predators that birds may encounter during migration. In Chapter 4, I shift focus to explore the threat that free-roaming domestic cats pose to birds in the Caribbean within a Neotropical city. Urban regions are increasingly recognized to provide valuable wildlife habitat but may also contain hazards such as introduced predators, and we currently lack information on the effects of free-roaming cats on migratory and resident bird species during non-breeding seasons. I designed a camera trapping project in San Juan, Puerto Rico to estimate free-roaming cat densities across a gradient of urbanization as a step towards understanding their potential impacts on wildlife. I deployed cameras across 16 trapping grids at three levels of urbanization and used photographic captures of cats to build spatial capture-recapture models. Estimated cat densities ranged from 48 ± 8 (SE) cats/km2 in exurban areas to 473 ± 40 cats/km2 in the most heavily urbanized parts of the city. These data may prove useful for conservation practitioners in San Juan deciding where to target cat management efforts for the benefit of urban wildlife and public health.
520 $a Miles de millones de aves emprenden movimientos migratorios cada ano, recorriendo distancias que oscilan entre varios cientos y decenas de miles de kilometros. Las aves migratorias deben ser lo bastante flexibles para hacer frente a las condiciones fluctuantes que encuentran durante estos viajes y en sus destinos. Sin embargo, el ser humano esta cambiando rapida y drasticamente el medio ambiente en todas las partes del area de distribucion de las especies migratorias mediante la destruccion y conversion del habitat, la introduccion de especies invasoras, el cambio climatico y otras alteraciones. Mi tesis doctoral trata de entender las limitaciones y amenazas a las que se enfrentan las aves durante dos fases poco estudiadas del ciclo anual: la migracion y el periodo estacionario no reproductor. En el Capitulo 1 exploro como las actividades humanas pueden afectar de forma no letal a las aves durante la migracion. He revisado la literatura cientifica en busca de evidencias de efectos no letales y de amenazas interactivas que puedan agravar los costes de aptitud de las aves migratorias. En general, descubri que los conocimientos cientificos sobre los efectos no letales durante la migracion van a la zaga de la investigacion sobre la mortalidad directa. Dado que las aves migran a traves de paisajes y espacios aereos cada vez mas antropogenicos, identifico esta laguna de conocimiento como un obstaculo para la conservacion eficaz de las aves migratorias. En el Capitulo 2, investigo si las aves cantoras individuales ajustan el ritmo y el calendario de la migracion primaveral en funcion de la fenologia de la vegetacion que encuentran en Norteamerica, lo que podria permitirles seguir el ritmo del avance de la fenologia primaveral bajo el cambio climatico. En primavera, las aves migratorias deben llegar rapidamente a sus lugares de cria para asegurarse territorios y parejas antes que la competencia, pero los individuos que llegan demasiado pronto pueden encontrarse con inclemencias meteorologicas o escasez de alimentos. Utilizando la red automatizada de radiotelemetria Motus, he seguido a aves cantoras individuales en su viaje desde el sur de EE.UU. hacia sus zonas de cria en primavera. Utilice estimaciones del momento de inicio de la primavera en diferentes puntos de sus rutas migratorias para determinar si las aves viajaban en sincronia con la "ola verde" de la vegetacion emergente o si utilizaban una estrategia diferente. Descubri que las aves que migraban desde sus zonas de no reproduccion llegaban al sur de EE.UU. mucho despues del inicio de la primavera local, pero eran capaces de alcanzar la ola de vegetacion primaveral emergente a medida que viajaban hacia el norte, siguiendo una estrategia de "alcanzar" en lugar de "surfear". En el Capitulo 3, examino como responden los pajaros cantores a la amenaza de la depredacion durante las escalas migratorias, cuando deben equilibrar las exigencias contrapuestas de repostar y evitar a los depredadores. Las aves migratorias deben enfrentarse tanto a depredadores aviares autoctonos, como los halcones (Accipiter sp.), como a abundantes depredadores introducidos, como los gatos domesticos (Felis catus), pero su comportamiento frente a los gatos ha sido poco estudiado durante la migracion. Mediante un experimento en una pajarera, expuse a los mirlos grises silvestres Dumetella carolinensis a un halcon o a un gato domestico y observe su comportamiento antes y despues de la exposicion para determinar si respondian adecuadamente a la amenaza planteada por cada depredador. En comparacion con un grupo de control, los Catbirds respondieron de forma diferente a ambos tipos de depredadores a corto plazo, pero no detecte diferencias en su comportamiento tras la liberacion. Este estudio aporta nuevos conocimientos sobre los posibles efectos no letales de los depredadores introducidos que las aves pueden encontrar durante la migracion. En el Capitulo 4, cambio de enfoque para explorar la amenaza que suponen los gatos domesticos errantes para las aves del Caribe dentro de una ciudad neotropical. Se reconoce cada vez mas que las regiones urbanas proporcionan un valioso habitat para la vida silvestre, pero tambien pueden contener peligros como los depredadores introducidos, y actualmente carecemos de informacion sobre los efectos de los gatos errantes en las especies de aves migratorias y residentes durante las temporadas no reproductivas. Disene un proyecto de trampeo con camaras en San Juan, Puerto Rico, para estimar las densidades de gatos errantes a lo largo de un gradiente de urbanizacion como un paso hacia la comprension de sus impactos potenciales sobre la vida silvestre. Desplegue camaras en 16 cuadriculas de trampeo en tres niveles de urbanizacion y utilice capturas fotograficas de gatos para construir modelos espaciales de captura-recaptura. Las densidades estimadas de gatos oscilaron entre 48 +/- 8 (SE) gatos/km2 en zonas exurbanas y 473 +/- 40 gatos/km2 en las partes mas urbanizadas de la ciudad. Estos datos pueden resultar utiles para los profesionales de la conservacion en San Juan a la hora de decidir donde dirigir los esfuerzos de gestion de los gatos en beneficio de la fauna urbana y la salud publica.
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