東華大學圖書館 |

Strengthening Predicates.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Strengthening Predicates./
作者:	Paille, Mathieu.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (272 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-10, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-10A.
標題:	Taxonomy. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30347346click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798377675211

Strengthening Predicates.
Paille, Mathieu.

Strengthening Predicates. - 1 online resource (272 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-10, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Sentences in natural language are routinely interpreted as stronger than would be expected from the lexical meanings of the overt lexical items alone. This has led to the postulation of exhaustification (strengthening) mechanisms in pragmatics and semantics. Such exhaustivity effects have largely been discussed for logical vocabulary, focused expressions, and predicates forming entailment scales with other predicates. Relying on recent work on additive particles, I argue that exhaustivity is at play in a significantly broader array of meanings than previously appreciated: all predicates are exhaustified, in all sentences. That is, the intuited meanings of predicates in sentences are stronger than their lexical-conceptual meanings. I focus on 'taxonomic' predicates, which do not form entailment scales with other predicates. I make this case first and foremost based on apparently banal contradictions like This comedy is a tragedy or The white flag is green. While these contradictions are intuitively due to the meanings of the predicates, the interaction of these predicates with additive particles (This comedy is also a tragedy) and conjunction (This play is both a comedy and a tragedy) is argued to show that the predicates are underlyingly consistent. As such, the contradiction observed in the basic case must result from exhaustification.In addition to demonstrating the existence of exhaustification in the meaning of taxonomic predicates, I also show that this exhaustification behaves in a hitherto undescribed way. The exhaustification of a given predicate is not only obligatory, but it is also obligatorily local to the predicate. Modelling exhaustification through an Exh(aust) operator, roughly equivalent to a covert only, predicates are claimed to 'control' Exh: they both require its presence and roughly dictate its syntactic locus. These constraints on Exh give its semantic output the flavour of lexical meaning. I argue that the locality requirement on Exh is best understood as it needing to be in the predicate's maximal projection, and I model this by postulating an Agree relation between derivational morphemes (n 0, a 0, etc.) and Exh.For Exh to exhaustify predicates in a non-trivial way, predicates must come with alternatives; similarly to expressions like some or or, they bear alternatives even without being focused. I make two claims about alternatives. First, concerning the alternatives borne by predicates, I suggest as a first approximation that these are the sisters of the predicate in a given conceptual taxonomy. I then propose a notion of 'predicational jurisdiction'-the kind of information provided by a predicate- to suggest that predicates are alternatives iff they share a jurisdiction. For example, green and table are not interpreted as mutually exclusive (i.e., are not alternatives for controlled exhaustivity) because they contribute different kinds of information; but table and chair, comedy and tragedy, and green and white are alternatives because they share a jurisdiction. This both explains why taxonomic sisters are alternatives, and, as I will show, manages to capture a broader range of data. The second claim about alternatives pertains to how Exh and additive particles interact. One of the key datapoints motivating the view that taxonomic predicates undergo exhaustification is their interaction with additive particles. Building on work suggesting that additives serve to avoid unwanted exhaustivity effects, I suggest that additives are directly involved in pruning alternatives from the domain of Exh. They do not prevent exhaustification by removing Exh, but can weaken Exh by making it exclude fewer alternatives.The claim that there is a systematic and principled mismatch between the lexical-conceptual meaning of taxonomic vocabulary items and the meaning intuited from these expressions in actual sentences challenges what appears to be a tacit consensus in linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy. Work on concepts takes for granted that the nature of concepts can be researched from the meanings of predicates in natural-language sentences. This thesis shows that this is not straightforwardly the case, because grammar systematically interferes with the basic meanings of predicates.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798377675211Subjects--Topical Terms:

3556303
Taxonomy.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Strengthening Predicates.
LDR:10503nmm a2200361K 4500 001 2357757
005 20230725053701.5
006 m o d
007 cr mn ---uuuuu
008 241011s2022 xx obm 000 0 eng d
020 $a 9798377675211
035 $a (MiAaPQ)AAI30347346
035 $a (MiAaPQ)McGill_8w32rb439
035 $a AAI30347346
040 $a MiAaPQ $b eng $c MiAaPQ $d NTU
100 1 $a Paille, Mathieu. $3 3698287
245 1 0 $a Strengthening Predicates.
264 0 $c 2022
300 $a 1 online resource (272 pages)
336 $a text $b txt $2 rdacontent
337 $a computer $b c $2 rdamedia
338 $a online resource $b cr $2 rdacarrier
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-10, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Alonso-Ovalle, Luis Fernando; Schwarz, Bernhard.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2022.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Sentences in natural language are routinely interpreted as stronger than would be expected from the lexical meanings of the overt lexical items alone. This has led to the postulation of exhaustification (strengthening) mechanisms in pragmatics and semantics. Such exhaustivity effects have largely been discussed for logical vocabulary, focused expressions, and predicates forming entailment scales with other predicates. Relying on recent work on additive particles, I argue that exhaustivity is at play in a significantly broader array of meanings than previously appreciated: all predicates are exhaustified, in all sentences. That is, the intuited meanings of predicates in sentences are stronger than their lexical-conceptual meanings. I focus on 'taxonomic' predicates, which do not form entailment scales with other predicates. I make this case first and foremost based on apparently banal contradictions like This comedy is a tragedy or The white flag is green. While these contradictions are intuitively due to the meanings of the predicates, the interaction of these predicates with additive particles (This comedy is also a tragedy) and conjunction (This play is both a comedy and a tragedy) is argued to show that the predicates are underlyingly consistent. As such, the contradiction observed in the basic case must result from exhaustification.In addition to demonstrating the existence of exhaustification in the meaning of taxonomic predicates, I also show that this exhaustification behaves in a hitherto undescribed way. The exhaustification of a given predicate is not only obligatory, but it is also obligatorily local to the predicate. Modelling exhaustification through an Exh(aust) operator, roughly equivalent to a covert only, predicates are claimed to 'control' Exh: they both require its presence and roughly dictate its syntactic locus. These constraints on Exh give its semantic output the flavour of lexical meaning. I argue that the locality requirement on Exh is best understood as it needing to be in the predicate's maximal projection, and I model this by postulating an Agree relation between derivational morphemes (n 0, a 0, etc.) and Exh.For Exh to exhaustify predicates in a non-trivial way, predicates must come with alternatives; similarly to expressions like some or or, they bear alternatives even without being focused. I make two claims about alternatives. First, concerning the alternatives borne by predicates, I suggest as a first approximation that these are the sisters of the predicate in a given conceptual taxonomy. I then propose a notion of 'predicational jurisdiction'-the kind of information provided by a predicate- to suggest that predicates are alternatives iff they share a jurisdiction. For example, green and table are not interpreted as mutually exclusive (i.e., are not alternatives for controlled exhaustivity) because they contribute different kinds of information; but table and chair, comedy and tragedy, and green and white are alternatives because they share a jurisdiction. This both explains why taxonomic sisters are alternatives, and, as I will show, manages to capture a broader range of data. The second claim about alternatives pertains to how Exh and additive particles interact. One of the key datapoints motivating the view that taxonomic predicates undergo exhaustification is their interaction with additive particles. Building on work suggesting that additives serve to avoid unwanted exhaustivity effects, I suggest that additives are directly involved in pruning alternatives from the domain of Exh. They do not prevent exhaustification by removing Exh, but can weaken Exh by making it exclude fewer alternatives.The claim that there is a systematic and principled mismatch between the lexical-conceptual meaning of taxonomic vocabulary items and the meaning intuited from these expressions in actual sentences challenges what appears to be a tacit consensus in linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy. Work on concepts takes for granted that the nature of concepts can be researched from the meanings of predicates in natural-language sentences. This thesis shows that this is not straightforwardly the case, because grammar systematically interferes with the basic meanings of predicates.
520 $a Les phrases dans le langage naturel sont regulierement interpretees comme etant plus fortes que l'on ne s'y attendrait en considerant uniquement le sens lexical des elements lexicaux prononces. Cela a mene a la postulation de mecanismes d'exhaustification (renforcement) en pragmatique et en semantique. On a surtout discute de tels effets d'exhaustivite pour le vocabulaire logique, les expressions focalisees, et les predicats formant des echelles d'implication avec d'autres predicats. Faisant fond sur de la recherche sur les particules additives, j'argumente que l'exhaustivite est a l'oeuvre dans une gamme d'effets semantiques bien plus large qu'apprecie jusqu'a present : tous les predicats sont exhaustifies, dans toutes les phrases. En autres mots, le sens intuite des predicats dans les phrases est plus fort que leur sens lexico-conceptuel. Je me concentre sur les predicats « taxinomiques », qui ne forment pas d'echelle d'implication avec d'autres predicats. Cet argument provient avant tout de contradictions apparemment banales comme Cette comedie est une tragedie ou Le drapeau blanc est vert. Tandis que ces contradictions sont intuitivement causees par le sens des predicats, j'argumente que l'interaction de ces predicats avec les particules additives (Cette comedie est aussi une tragedie) et la conjonction (Cette piece est et une comedie et une tragedie) demontre que les sens sous-jacents de ces predicats sont consistants. Ainsi, les contradictions observees dans les cas de base doivent etre le resultat d'exhaustification.En plus de demontrer l'existence d'exhaustivite dans le sens des predicats taxinomiques, je demontre aussi que cette exhaustivite se comporte de facon indecrite jusqu'aujourd'hui. En effet, l'exhaustification d'un predicat quelconque est non seulement obligatoire, mais elle est aussi necessairement calculee localement au predicat. J'argumente que l'exhaustivite, modelisee a l'aide d'un operateur Exh(austivite) a peu pres equivalent a un seulement non-prononce, est « controlee » par les predicats : ceux-ci requierent la presence d'Exh et dictent sa position syntaxique approximative. Ces contraintes sur Exh donnent a son resultat une saveur lexicale. La contrainte de localite d'Exh consiste en son apparition obligatoire dans la projection maximale du predicat, ce que je modelise au travers d'une relation d'Accord entre les morphemes derivationnels (n 0, a 0, etc.) et Exh.Pour qu'Exh exhaustifie les predicats de facon non triviale, les predicats doivent avoir des alternatives ; comme des expressions telles que certain ou ou, ils portent des alternatives meme sans etre focalises. Je fais deux suggestions sur les alternatives. Premierement, en ce qui concerne les alternatives portees par les predicats, je suggere en premiere approximation que celles-ci sont les soeurs du predicat dans une taxinomie conceptuelle quelconque. Or, je propose ensuite une notion de «juridiction predicationnelle» - la sorte d'information contribuee par un predicat - afin de suggerer que les predicats sont des alternatives ssi leur juridiction est la meme. Par exemple, vert et table ne sont pas interpretes comme mutuellement exclusifs (c'est-a-dire que ces predicats ne sont pas des alternatives pour l'exhaustivite controlee) puisqu'ils contribuent de differentes sortes d'information ; mais table et chaise, comedie et tragedie, et vert et blanc sont des alternatives puisque ces predicats partagent une juridiction. Cela explique pourquoi les soeurs taxinomiques sont des alternatives, ainsi que d'avoir l'avantage d'illuminer une gamme plus large de donnees, comme je demontrerai. Ma seconde suggestion sur les alternatives concerne la facon dont Exh et les particules additives interagissent. Apres tout, l'interaction entre les predicats taxinomiques et les particules additives est une des donnees centrales motivant l'hypothese que ces predicats sont exhaustifies. Prenant comme point de depart des travaux suggerant que les additifs ont la capacite de contourner des effets d'exhaustification indesirables, je suggere que les additifs s'occupent directement de restreindre les alternatives d'Exh. Ils ne previennent pas l'exhaustification en enlevant Exh de la syntaxe, mais ils peuvent affaiblir Exh en le faisant exclure moins d'alternatives.La suggestion qu'il existe un ecart systematique et reglemente entre le sens lexico-conceptuel du vocabulaire taxinomique et du sens intuite de ces expressions dans les phrases ou ils se trouvent met a l'epreuve un consensus apparent tacite dans la linguistique, la psychologie, la science cognitive et la philosophie. Le travail sur les concepts prend pour acquis que la nature des concepts peut etre eclairee depuis le sens des predicats tel qu'observe dans des phrases simples. Or, la presente these demontre que ceci n'est pas le cas sans complications : en realite, la grammaire s'ingere systematiquement dans le sens elementaire des predicats.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2023
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Taxonomy. $3 3556303
650 4 $a Additives. $3 3689237
650 4 $a Syntax. $3 897045
650 4 $a Boolean. $3 3683493
650 4 $a Atoms & subatomic particles. $3 3560412
650 4 $a Semantics. $3 520060
650 4 $a Natural language. $3 3562052
650 4 $a Atomic physics. $3 3173870
650 4 $a Logic. $3 529544
650 4 $a Physics. $3 516296
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 lcsh $3 542853
690 $a 0748
690 $a 0395
690 $a 0605
710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 783688
710 2 $a McGill University (Canada). $3 1018122
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 84-10A.
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30347346 $z click for full text (PQDT)