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Bioavailability and Toxicity of Oil Trapped in River Sediments by Hyporheic Flows.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Bioavailability and Toxicity of Oil Trapped in River Sediments by Hyporheic Flows./
作者:	Adams, Julie Elizabeth.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (645 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-01, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-01B.
標題:	DNA methylation. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29178520click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798835549023

Bioavailability and Toxicity of Oil Trapped in River Sediments by Hyporheic Flows.
Adams, Julie Elizabeth.

Bioavailability and Toxicity of Oil Trapped in River Sediments by Hyporheic Flows. - 1 online resource (645 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-01, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Queen's University (Canada), 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Transportation of large volumes of oil in Canada increases the likelihood of inland oil spills and river contamination. In oil spills to rivers, turbulence may disperse floating oil into the water column and hyporheic flows may carry oil droplets through the bed sediments, including sediments utilized by fish for reproduction. Research is needed to measure the toxicity of oil stranded on and trapped within sediments to fish, including assessment of diluted bitumen (dilbit) products that are frequently transported across Canada. The objectives of this thesis were to measure the toxicity of dilbits to rainbow trout with commonly used laboratory toxicity test methods; to develop laboratory methods to model oil droplet entrainment in hyporheic flows; and to measure oil droplet trapping in gravel by hyporheic flows, dissolution of oil into water, and bioavailability to rainbow trout.Research to address these objectives found that: Chemically dispersed dilbit and water flowing through gravel coated with dried films (dried oil films: DOF) of dilbit were chronically embryotoxic to rainbow trout alevins. Existing DOF methods were modified to assess oil droplet trapping in river gravels by hyporheic flows (trapped oil droplets: TOD). Increased oil mass loaded to or trapped in gravel (more trapping of higher viscosity oils) and increased oil surface area resulted in higher hydrocarbon concentrations in effluent. In DOF and TOD experiments, the concentration of hydrocarbons in water decreased over time, but the hydrocarbons were highly bioavailable to juvenile trout and were sustained at maximal levels over weeks of water flow.These findings contribute to the understanding of the fate of oil in rivers and the exposure of organisms that inhabit the hyporheic zone. Embryo-larval fish chronically exposed to oil trapped in river sediments could cause lethal or sublethal effects that reduce the number of fish that survive to adult stages and successfully reproduce. Population reductions in subsequent years could threaten the sustainability of fisheries. It is recommended that the potential fate of oil in the hyporheic zone be included in risk assessments and oil spill response to prevent and mitigate oil contamination of river sediments.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798835549023Subjects--Topical Terms:

3560639
DNA methylation.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Bioavailability and Toxicity of Oil Trapped in River Sediments by Hyporheic Flows.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-01, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Hodson, Peter V.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Queen's University (Canada), 2022.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Transportation of large volumes of oil in Canada increases the likelihood of inland oil spills and river contamination. In oil spills to rivers, turbulence may disperse floating oil into the water column and hyporheic flows may carry oil droplets through the bed sediments, including sediments utilized by fish for reproduction. Research is needed to measure the toxicity of oil stranded on and trapped within sediments to fish, including assessment of diluted bitumen (dilbit) products that are frequently transported across Canada. The objectives of this thesis were to measure the toxicity of dilbits to rainbow trout with commonly used laboratory toxicity test methods; to develop laboratory methods to model oil droplet entrainment in hyporheic flows; and to measure oil droplet trapping in gravel by hyporheic flows, dissolution of oil into water, and bioavailability to rainbow trout.Research to address these objectives found that: Chemically dispersed dilbit and water flowing through gravel coated with dried films (dried oil films: DOF) of dilbit were chronically embryotoxic to rainbow trout alevins. Existing DOF methods were modified to assess oil droplet trapping in river gravels by hyporheic flows (trapped oil droplets: TOD). Increased oil mass loaded to or trapped in gravel (more trapping of higher viscosity oils) and increased oil surface area resulted in higher hydrocarbon concentrations in effluent. In DOF and TOD experiments, the concentration of hydrocarbons in water decreased over time, but the hydrocarbons were highly bioavailable to juvenile trout and were sustained at maximal levels over weeks of water flow.These findings contribute to the understanding of the fate of oil in rivers and the exposure of organisms that inhabit the hyporheic zone. Embryo-larval fish chronically exposed to oil trapped in river sediments could cause lethal or sublethal effects that reduce the number of fish that survive to adult stages and successfully reproduce. Population reductions in subsequent years could threaten the sustainability of fisheries. It is recommended that the potential fate of oil in the hyporheic zone be included in risk assessments and oil spill response to prevent and mitigate oil contamination of river sediments.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2023
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a DNA methylation. $3 3560639
650 4 $a Gene expression. $3 643979
650 4 $a Oil spills. $3 2148774
650 4 $a Spectrum analysis. $3 520440
650 4 $a Cytochrome. $3 3683768
650 4 $a Analytical chemistry. $3 3168300
650 4 $a Mortality. $3 533218
650 4 $a Trout. $3 3685299
650 4 $a Calibration. $3 2068745
650 4 $a Sediments. $3 3566210
650 4 $a Chromatography. $3 1073639
650 4 $a Effluents. $3 3559973
650 4 $a Keywords. $3 3560140
650 4 $a Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. $3 697430
650 4 $a Ethanol. $3 1613481
650 4 $a Crude oil. $3 3561710
650 4 $a Bioavailability. $3 875104
650 4 $a Biochemistry. $3 518028
650 4 $a Bioinformatics. $3 553671
650 4 $a Chemistry. $3 516420
650 4 $a Genetics. $3 530508
650 4 $a Optics. $3 517925
650 4 $a Sedimentary geology. $3 3173828
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 lcsh $3 542853
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690 $a 0487
690 $a 0715
690 $a 0485
690 $a 0369
690 $a 0752
690 $a 0594
710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 783688
710 2 $a Queen's University (Canada). $3 1017786
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 84-01B.
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29178520 $z click for full text (PQDT)