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The Economics of Exchanging and Adopting Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The Economics of Exchanging and Adopting Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture./
作者:	Luttringhaus, Anna Sophia.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (131 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-02B.
標題:	Agricultural production. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29221653click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798841527411

The Economics of Exchanging and Adopting Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
Luttringhaus, Anna Sophia.

The Economics of Exchanging and Adopting Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. - 1 online resource (131 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin (Germany), 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Agricultural systems must constantly adapt to pressuring events such as climate change and population growth to maintain and improve production processes in a sustainable manner. Thereby the genetic diversity of plants used in agriculture constitute a strategic asset. Genetic resources are vital to provide sustainable food security and livelihoods. Nevertheless, their economic value is often overlooked, and the respective economic assessment remains a challenge as many of these values are not traded on markets. It is necessary to access genetic resources directly to realize their values (e.g., through breeding or adoption). Thus, the exchange of diverse genetic resources is of great importance. Economic studies which analyze the economic values of the exchange and adoption are under-represented in the relevant literature. In order to fill this research gap, this thesis presents three assessments that produce more evidence on the economic value of plant genetic resources.Within this thesis, I discuss two very distinct agricultural systems, which differ greatly in terms of climate, agroecological conditions, farming practices, seed systems, political and economic frameworks, and the socio-cultural embeddedness of the crop in question. The first two assessments are concerned with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) breeding and production in the temperate climate and intensive growing conditions in Germany. Modern cultivars created in a formalized breeding process prevail in this system. The following two research questions are elaborated: 1) What is the economic value of exchanging breeding material? and 2) What is the microeconomic value of resistance breeding? The third assessment presents a different agricultural system: Andean agriculture, where a wide variety of potato landraces (Solanum spp.) are grown extensively in the Peruvian highlands. In this case, the research question I investigated is: 3) What are the benefits of repatriating (i.e., redistributing) potato landraces to Andean farmers?These studies demonstrate that the availability, exchange, and adoption of plant genetic resources, which are well adapted to and culturally embedded in specific agricultural systems, improve the overall quantity and sustainability of agricultural production. These improvements can be translated into sectoral, microeconomic as well as nutritional and cultural benefits. The first analysis shows that the exchange of plant breeding material generated a large economic surplus of 19.2 to 22.0 billion EUR between the production years 1972 and 2018 in Germany. This study is the first to assess the use of the breeders' exemption in Germany, and also quantify its economic impact. The second analysis proves for the first time that resistance breeding in Germany had a statistically significant and strong positive impact on winter wheat gross margins. The economic benefits stem from the lower infection rates of newer varieties. As a result, fungicide use could be abandoned without negatively affecting gross margins, which were intermittently even increased through the avoidance of plant protection costs. The third analysis documents the nutritional and cultural benefits induced by potato landrace adoption and is the first analysis to quantify the in situ survival time of repatriated landraces among smallholder farmers. Hence, this dissertation provides important evidence on the economic value of plant genetic resources.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798841527411Subjects--Topical Terms:

3559355
Agricultural production.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

The Economics of Exchanging and Adopting Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
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245 1 4 $a The Economics of Exchanging and Adopting Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02, Section: B.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin (Germany), 2022.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Agricultural systems must constantly adapt to pressuring events such as climate change and population growth to maintain and improve production processes in a sustainable manner. Thereby the genetic diversity of plants used in agriculture constitute a strategic asset. Genetic resources are vital to provide sustainable food security and livelihoods. Nevertheless, their economic value is often overlooked, and the respective economic assessment remains a challenge as many of these values are not traded on markets. It is necessary to access genetic resources directly to realize their values (e.g., through breeding or adoption). Thus, the exchange of diverse genetic resources is of great importance. Economic studies which analyze the economic values of the exchange and adoption are under-represented in the relevant literature. In order to fill this research gap, this thesis presents three assessments that produce more evidence on the economic value of plant genetic resources.Within this thesis, I discuss two very distinct agricultural systems, which differ greatly in terms of climate, agroecological conditions, farming practices, seed systems, political and economic frameworks, and the socio-cultural embeddedness of the crop in question. The first two assessments are concerned with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) breeding and production in the temperate climate and intensive growing conditions in Germany. Modern cultivars created in a formalized breeding process prevail in this system. The following two research questions are elaborated: 1) What is the economic value of exchanging breeding material? and 2) What is the microeconomic value of resistance breeding? The third assessment presents a different agricultural system: Andean agriculture, where a wide variety of potato landraces (Solanum spp.) are grown extensively in the Peruvian highlands. In this case, the research question I investigated is: 3) What are the benefits of repatriating (i.e., redistributing) potato landraces to Andean farmers?These studies demonstrate that the availability, exchange, and adoption of plant genetic resources, which are well adapted to and culturally embedded in specific agricultural systems, improve the overall quantity and sustainability of agricultural production. These improvements can be translated into sectoral, microeconomic as well as nutritional and cultural benefits. The first analysis shows that the exchange of plant breeding material generated a large economic surplus of 19.2 to 22.0 billion EUR between the production years 1972 and 2018 in Germany. This study is the first to assess the use of the breeders' exemption in Germany, and also quantify its economic impact. The second analysis proves for the first time that resistance breeding in Germany had a statistically significant and strong positive impact on winter wheat gross margins. The economic benefits stem from the lower infection rates of newer varieties. As a result, fungicide use could be abandoned without negatively affecting gross margins, which were intermittently even increased through the avoidance of plant protection costs. The third analysis documents the nutritional and cultural benefits induced by potato landrace adoption and is the first analysis to quantify the in situ survival time of repatriated landraces among smallholder farmers. Hence, this dissertation provides important evidence on the economic value of plant genetic resources.
520 $a Landwirtschaftliche Systeme mussen sich immerfort an Druckfaktoren wie Klimawandel und Bevolkerungswachstum anpassen. Nur so kann die Produktion erhalten und nachhaltig verbessert werden. Hierbei spielt die genetische Vielfalt von Pflanzen eine wichtige Rolle, da diese fur die Sicherung der Ernahrung und des Einkommens von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Dennoch wird der wirtschaftliche Wert pflanzengenetischer Ressourcen selten untersucht. Die okonomische Bewertung bleibt eine Herausforderung, da nicht alle Werte pflanzengenetischer Ressourcen als Gut auf Markten gehandelt werden. Um ihre Werte zu realisieren, ist es zunachst notwendig, direkt auf sie zugreifen zu konnen (z. B. durch Zuchtung oder Anbau). Okonomische Studien, die den Austausch und die Nutzung solcher Ressourcen bewerten, sind allerdings in der Literatur unterreprasentiert. Um diese Forschungslucke zu schliesen, werden in dieser Arbeit drei Bewertungen vorgestellt, welche die wirtschaftlichen Werte pflanzengenetischer Ressourcen untersuchen.Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation werden zwei verschiedene Agrarsystemen analysiert. Diese unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich des Klimas, der agrarokologischen Bedingungen, der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis, der politischen und okonomischen Rahmenbedingungen sowie der soziokulturellen Verankerung der Kulturart. Die ersten beiden Analysen befassen sich mit der Zuchtung und Produktion von Winterweizen in Deutschland. Charakterisiert sind diese durch ein gemasigtes Klima und intensive Anbaubedingungen. In diesem System uberwiegen moderne Sorten, die in einem formalisierten Zuchtungsprozess entstanden sind. Es werden die folgenden Forschungsfragen beantwortet: 1) Was ist der okonomische Wert, der durch den Austausch von Zuchtmaterial entsteht? und 2) Wie hoch ist der mikrookonomische Wert von Resistenzzuchtung? In der dritten Analyse wird ein weiteres Agrarsystem vorgestellt: Die Andenlandwirtschaft, wo im Hochland unter extensiven Bedingungen eine Vielzahl von Kartoffellandrassen angebaut wird. Dort wird folgende Frage analysiert: 3) Welche Mehrwerte wurden durch die Repatriierung oder Neuverteilung von Kartoffellandrassen erzielt?Diese Analysen zeigen, dass die Verfugbarkeit, der Austausch und die Nutzung von pflanzengenetischen Ressourcen die Agrarproduktion verbessern; es entstehen sowohl sektorale, mikrookonomische als auch ernahrungsbezogene und kulturelle Mehrwerte. Die erste Analyse zeigt, dass von 1972 bis 2018 durch den Austausch von Zuchtmaterial zwischen Zuchtfirmen ein wirtschaftlicher Uberschuss von 19,2 bis 22,0 Milliarden Euro in Deutschland generiert wurde. In der zweiten Analyse kann erstmalig bewiesen werden, dass eine durch Resistenzzuchtung entstandene hohere Pflanzengesundheit sowie Ertragsstabilitat einen stark positiven und statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf die Deckungsbeitrage von Winterweizen hatten. Der Verzicht auf Fungizide kann bei modernen Sorten also den Deckungsbeitrag erhohen, da Kosten entfallen, der Kornertrag aber hoch bleibt. Die dritte Analyse dokumentiert die ernahrungsphysiologischen und kulturellen Vorteile von Kartoffellandrassen in Peru. Es ist die erste Analyse, welche die Uberlebensdauer repatriierter Landrassen quantifiziert. Somit leistet diese Dissertationsschrift einen wichtigen Beitrag zur okonomischen Bewertung von pflanzengenetischen Ressourcen.
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538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
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