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Functional and Structural Changes of the Hippocampal and Amygdala Subregions in Autism Throughout Development.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Functional and Structural Changes of the Hippocampal and Amygdala Subregions in Autism Throughout Development./
作者:	Patenaude, Pascale.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (85 pages)
附註:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-05.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International84-05.
標題:	Neuroimaging. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30157767click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798352984093

Functional and Structural Changes of the Hippocampal and Amygdala Subregions in Autism Throughout Development.
Patenaude, Pascale.

Functional and Structural Changes of the Hippocampal and Amygdala Subregions in Autism Throughout Development. - 1 online resource (85 pages)

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-05.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--McGill University (Canada), 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, in addition to restrictive and repetitive patterns in behaviour. It is also common for individuals with ASD to exhibit other impairments such as deficits in language, executive function, working memory (WM) and episodic memory. Two important brain regions, namely the hippocampus and amygdala, have been linked to these memory deficits in ASD. However, the structural and functional changes occurring in the hippocampus and amygdala in ASD throughout development are poorly understood. In addition, previous studies have focused on whole hippocampal and amygdala rather than investigating the subfields and nuclei of these brain regions in ASD. Given the differences in histological characteristics, connectivity, and function between hippocampal subfields/divisions and amygdala nuclei, it's important to study these individual subregions in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the structural and functional connectivity changes occurring in ASD. AIM 1 of this thesis was to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity of the anterior and posterior divisions of the hippocampus in ASD at various ages (5-21). AIM 2 of this thesis was to investigate the volumetric changes of hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei in ASD at various ages (5-21). Structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data was obtained from the Healthy Brain Network, a large-scale opensource dataset. The resting-state functional MRI data of autistic (n = 156) and neurotypical (n = 133) participants were included in the functional connectivity analysis of the anterior and posterior hippocampus. The T1-weighted MRI scans of autistic (n = 135) and neurotypical (n = 87) participants underwent hippocampal and amygdala segmentation for volumetric analyses. We found that both the anterior and posterior hippocampus showed decreased connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in the ASD group compared to the typically developing (TD) group. We also observed decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity between the right anterior hippocampus and the left posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) in individuals with ASD. In addition, the connectivity between the posterior hippocampus and the precuneus decreased with age in the ASD group but remained stable with age in the TD group. After conducting a mixed linear model with age, sex and intelligence quotient (IQ) as fixed effects and the sites of data collection as a random effect, we found significantly larger volumes of the left cornu ammonis (CA) 3 body, molecular layer (ML) of the hippocampal body and CA4 body in the ASD group relative to the TD group before correcting for multiple comparisons. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, no significant group differences for amygdala nucleus and hippocampal subfield volumes were observed. Partial least squares correlations (PLSC) were then applied to examine the relationship between subfield/nucleus volumes and behavioural measures. We observed a positive relationship between several hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei with age in the ASD group, but no age effect was found in the TD group. In addition, a positive relationship of several hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei with WM and IQ was found in neurotypical individuals whereas this relationship was absent in individuals with ASD. This exploratory study provides evidence that the developmental trajectories of amygdala nuclei and hippocampal subfields differ between groups. Weaker functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the MPFC, a region implicated in both episodic memory and social cognition, may contribute to behavioural abnormalities in ASD. These findings may help us better understand the pathophysiology and the neuroanatomical underpinnings of memory impairments in ASD.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798352984093Subjects--Topical Terms:

3509452
Neuroimaging.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Functional and Structural Changes of the Hippocampal and Amygdala Subregions in Autism Throughout Development.
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520 $a Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, in addition to restrictive and repetitive patterns in behaviour. It is also common for individuals with ASD to exhibit other impairments such as deficits in language, executive function, working memory (WM) and episodic memory. Two important brain regions, namely the hippocampus and amygdala, have been linked to these memory deficits in ASD. However, the structural and functional changes occurring in the hippocampus and amygdala in ASD throughout development are poorly understood. In addition, previous studies have focused on whole hippocampal and amygdala rather than investigating the subfields and nuclei of these brain regions in ASD. Given the differences in histological characteristics, connectivity, and function between hippocampal subfields/divisions and amygdala nuclei, it's important to study these individual subregions in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the structural and functional connectivity changes occurring in ASD. AIM 1 of this thesis was to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity of the anterior and posterior divisions of the hippocampus in ASD at various ages (5-21). AIM 2 of this thesis was to investigate the volumetric changes of hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei in ASD at various ages (5-21). Structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data was obtained from the Healthy Brain Network, a large-scale opensource dataset. The resting-state functional MRI data of autistic (n = 156) and neurotypical (n = 133) participants were included in the functional connectivity analysis of the anterior and posterior hippocampus. The T1-weighted MRI scans of autistic (n = 135) and neurotypical (n = 87) participants underwent hippocampal and amygdala segmentation for volumetric analyses. We found that both the anterior and posterior hippocampus showed decreased connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in the ASD group compared to the typically developing (TD) group. We also observed decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity between the right anterior hippocampus and the left posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) in individuals with ASD. In addition, the connectivity between the posterior hippocampus and the precuneus decreased with age in the ASD group but remained stable with age in the TD group. After conducting a mixed linear model with age, sex and intelligence quotient (IQ) as fixed effects and the sites of data collection as a random effect, we found significantly larger volumes of the left cornu ammonis (CA) 3 body, molecular layer (ML) of the hippocampal body and CA4 body in the ASD group relative to the TD group before correcting for multiple comparisons. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, no significant group differences for amygdala nucleus and hippocampal subfield volumes were observed. Partial least squares correlations (PLSC) were then applied to examine the relationship between subfield/nucleus volumes and behavioural measures. We observed a positive relationship between several hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei with age in the ASD group, but no age effect was found in the TD group. In addition, a positive relationship of several hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei with WM and IQ was found in neurotypical individuals whereas this relationship was absent in individuals with ASD. This exploratory study provides evidence that the developmental trajectories of amygdala nuclei and hippocampal subfields differ between groups. Weaker functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the MPFC, a region implicated in both episodic memory and social cognition, may contribute to behavioural abnormalities in ASD. These findings may help us better understand the pathophysiology and the neuroanatomical underpinnings of memory impairments in ASD.
520 $a Les troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) se caracterisent par des deficits de communication et d'interaction sociales, ainsi que par des comportements restrictifs et repetitifs. Il est egalement frequent que les personnes atteintes de TSA presentent d'autres deficiences, notamment au niveau du langage, des fonctions executives, de la memoire de travail et de la memoire episodique. Deux regions importantes du cerveau, l'hippocampe et l'amygdale, ont ete associees a ces deficits de memoire dans les TSA. Toutefois, les changements structurels et fonctionnels qui se produisent dans l'hippocampe et l'amygdale au cours du developpement des TSA sont mal compris. En outre, les etudes anterieures ont porte sur l'ensemble de l'hippocampe et de l'amygdale plutot que sur les sous-champs et les noyaux de ces regions cerebrales dans les TSA. Etant donne les differences de caracteristiques histologiques, de connectivite et de fonction entre les sous-champs/divisions de l'hippocampe et les noyaux de l'amygdale, il est important d'etudier ces sous-regions individuelles afin d'avoir une comprehension plus complete des changements structurelles et fonctionnelles qui se produisent dans les TSA. Le premier objectif de cette these etait d'etudier la connectivite fonctionnelle au repos des divisions anterieures et posterieures de l'hippocampe dans les TSA a differents ages (5-21 ans). Le deuxieme objectif de cette these etait d'etudier les changements volumetriques des sous-champs de l'hippocampe et des noyaux de l'amygdale dans les TSA a differents ages (5-21 ans). Les donnees d'imagerie par resonance magnetique (IRM) structurelles et fonctionnelles ont ete obtenues du Healthy Brain Network, un ensemble de donnees a grande echelle en libre acces. Les donnees d'IRM fonctionnelle au repos des participants autistes (n = 156) et neurotypiques (n = 133) ont ete incluses dans l'analyse de la connectivite fonctionnelle de l'hippocampe anterieur et posterieur. Les scans d'IRM ponderes en T1 des participants autistes (n = 135) et neurotypiques (n = 87) ont ete soumis a une segmentation de l'hippocampe et de l'amygdale pour les analyses volumetriques. Les mesures volumetriques de ces sous-champs et noyaux ont ensuite ete extraites pour chaque participant et comparees entre groupes. Nous avons constate que l'hippocampe anterieur et posterieur presentait une connectivite reduite avec le cortex prefrontal median (CPFM) dans le groupe des TSA par rapport au groupe des personnes au developpement typique (DT). Nous avons egalement observe une diminution de la connectivite fonctionnelle interhemispherique entre l'hippocampe anterieur droit et l'hippocampe posterieur gauche et le cortex parahippocampique (PHC) gauche chez les personnes atteintes de TSA. De plus, la connectivite entre l'hippocampe posterieur et le precuneus diminuait avec l'age dans le groupe TSA mais restait stable avec l'age dans le groupe DT. Apres avoir effectue un modele lineaire a effets mixtes, avec l'age, le sexe et le quotient intellectuel (QI) comme effets fixes et les sites de collecte des donnees comme effet aleatoire, nous avons trouve des volumes significativement plus larges du corps de la cornu ammonis (CA) 3, de la couche moleculaire (ML) du corps de l'hippocampe et du corps de la CA4 gauche dans le groupe TSA par rapport au groupe DT avant la correction du taux de fausse decouverte (FDR). Apres correction du FDR, aucune difference significative entre les groupes n'a ete observee pour les volumes de sous-regions. La methode de correlations des moindres carres partiels (PLSC) a ensuite ete appliquee pour examiner la relation entre les volumes de sous-champs/nucleus et des mesures comportementales. Nous avons observe une relation positive entre plusieurs sous-champs hippocampiques et noyaux amygdaliens avec l'age dans le groupe TSA, mais aucun effet de l'age n'a ete trouve dans le groupe DT. De plus, une relation positive entre plusieurs sous-champs hippocampiques et noyaux amygdaliens avec la memoire de travail et le QI a ete observee chez les personnes neurotypiques, alors que cette relation etait absente chez les personnes atteintes de TSA. Cette etude exploratoire fournit des preuves que les trajectoires de developpement des noyaux amygdaliens et des sous- champs hippocampiques different selon les groupes. Une connectivite fonctionnelle plus faible entre l'hippocampe et le CPFM, une region impliquee dans la memoire episodique et la cognition sociale, pourrait contribuer aux anomalies comportementales des TSA. Ces resultats pourraient nous aider a mieux comprendre la physiopathologie et les fondements neuroanatomiques des troubles de la memoire dans les TSA.
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