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The Effects of Temperature and Oxygen Availability on Aerobic Performance in Three Coastal Shark Species; Squalus acanthias, Carcharhinus limbatus, and Carcharhinus leucas.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The Effects of Temperature and Oxygen Availability on Aerobic Performance in Three Coastal Shark Species; Squalus acanthias, Carcharhinus limbatus, and Carcharhinus leucas./
作者:	Andres, Alyssa M.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (143 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-03B.
標題:	Biological oceanography. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29260549click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798841729129

The Effects of Temperature and Oxygen Availability on Aerobic Performance in Three Coastal Shark Species; Squalus acanthias, Carcharhinus limbatus, and Carcharhinus leucas.
Andres, Alyssa M.

The Effects of Temperature and Oxygen Availability on Aerobic Performance in Three Coastal Shark Species; Squalus acanthias, Carcharhinus limbatus, and Carcharhinus leucas. - 1 online resource (143 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Anthropogenically driven climate changes are altering marine habitats globally. Rising sea surface temperatures and coastal eutrophication, arising from global warming and coastal nutrient loading, have resulted in progressive ocean deoxygenation. This may restrict available habitat of marine organisms as studies suggest that the balance between metabolic oxygen demand and environmental supply plays an important role in limiting viable habitat and species fitness. As ectothermic predators, with temperature-dependent metabolism and high metabolic demands, coastal shark species may be susceptible to shifts in ocean temperature and oxygen. Such environmental changes may alter metabolic performance and ultimately success and survival within shark habitat. However, our understanding of species-specific physiological responses to environmental shifts in temperature and oxygen is lacking for the vast majority of shark species. This dissertation explores the effects of temperature and declining oxygen availability on energetic performance in three ecologically and economically valuable shark species of the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; the spiny dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias, the blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, and the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas. These species represent coastal "apex" and meso-predators found across temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters. Across their ranges, these highly migratory species likely experience steep oxygen and temperature gradients but differ in habitat and lifestyle. Squalus acanthias is a much slower, smaller, benthopelagic species found in waters 7-24˚C. These cold-temperate sharks spend much of the year in deep, offshore locations but routinely enter shallow coastal waters. Carcharhinus limbatus, and C. leucas are more active, large coastal species, considered tropical-subtropical in distribution known to occupy waters 20-34˚C and 20-37˚C respectively. Carcharhinus limbatus, and C. leucas use confined estuarine and riverine nursery habitats for their young where long-term residency in these shallow coastal habitats is important to species success and survival. In addition, C limbatus and C. leucas are obligate ram ventilators, thought to require forward motion to maintain oxygen supply, whereas S. acanthias have the ability to decrease activity and forcibly pump water over their gills while at rest (buccal pumping). Differences between species habitat, ecology, and activity level (metabolic demand) mean they likely exhibit varied environmental tolerances, responses to elevated temperature and hypoxia, and may display varied shifts in viable habitat with climate change. To better predict habitat suitability and species responses to climate change, we must first understand how the physiology that underpins animal behavior is fundamentally altered by changes in temperature and oxygen for each species. Several environmentally-sensitive physiological performance metrics have been used to identify viable species habitat, based on the balance of organism energetic demands and environmental oxygen supply. As animals require oxygen to derive cellular energy for all life activities, the amount of oxygen available in a given environment may dictate an organism's energetic potential. In addition, while temperature influences the rate of biochemical reactions in the body, it also causes elevated metabolic demands in ectothermic species. As temperatures rise, ectotherms require more oxygen to support elevated metabolic demands at high temperature. At a certain thermal or hypoxic threshold the balance of animal oxygen demand to ambient supply may fall below sustainable levels. Environments that do not confer enough energetic potential to support population energetic needs are considered non-viable species habitat. Increased presence of such environments within occupied species range has consequences for animal distribution and abundance, and the potential for metabolic tradeoffs in growth, reproduction, foraging, etc. My research aimed to establish the thermal and hypoxic sensitivity of metabolic demands and performance in marine sharks, quantify thermal and hypoxic limitation of aerobic energetic performance, and to test the species-specific utility of metabolic performance metrics such as aerobic scope and oxygen supply capacity as indicators of viable species habitat.Aerobic scope, defined as an organism's aerobic energetic potential, provides a measure of the energy available for sharks to perform all life activities within a given environment. This metric is derived from two components that can be directly measured in aquatic species: 1) maximum metabolic rate (MMR), the highest rate of organism energy use, vital for predator evasion and prey capture, and 2) resting or standard metabolic rate (SMR), i.e., the lowest energy required to maintain the body's basal energetic needs while at rest. The difference between maximum and standard metabolic demand provides a measure of aerobic scope. This scope may be expressed in both absolute (absolute aerobic scope = MMR-SMR) and factorial terms (factorial aerobic scope = MMR/SMR), with each expression of aerobic scope providing distinct interpretations of species thermal optimality and or sublethal thermal limits. Factorial aerobic scope (FAS) is defined as the factorial change in aerobic energetic potential, or the factorial change in oxygen. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798841729129Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122748
Biological oceanography.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Aerobic scopeIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

The Effects of Temperature and Oxygen Availability on Aerobic Performance in Three Coastal Shark Species; Squalus acanthias, Carcharhinus limbatus, and Carcharhinus leucas.
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This dissertation explores the effects of temperature and declining oxygen availability on energetic performance in three ecologically and economically valuable shark species of the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; the spiny dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias, the blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, and the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas. These species represent coastal "apex" and meso-predators found across temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters. Across their ranges, these highly migratory species likely experience steep oxygen and temperature gradients but differ in habitat and lifestyle. Squalus acanthias is a much slower, smaller, benthopelagic species found in waters 7-24˚C. These cold-temperate sharks spend much of the year in deep, offshore locations but routinely enter shallow coastal waters. Carcharhinus limbatus, and C. leucas are more active, large coastal species, considered tropical-subtropical in distribution known to occupy waters 20-34˚C and 20-37˚C respectively. Carcharhinus limbatus, and C. leucas use confined estuarine and riverine nursery habitats for their young where long-term residency in these shallow coastal habitats is important to species success and survival. In addition, C limbatus and C. leucas are obligate ram ventilators, thought to require forward motion to maintain oxygen supply, whereas S. acanthias have the ability to decrease activity and forcibly pump water over their gills while at rest (buccal pumping). Differences between species habitat, ecology, and activity level (metabolic demand) mean they likely exhibit varied environmental tolerances, responses to elevated temperature and hypoxia, and may display varied shifts in viable habitat with climate change. To better predict habitat suitability and species responses to climate change, we must first understand how the physiology that underpins animal behavior is fundamentally altered by changes in temperature and oxygen for each species. Several environmentally-sensitive physiological performance metrics have been used to identify viable species habitat, based on the balance of organism energetic demands and environmental oxygen supply. As animals require oxygen to derive cellular energy for all life activities, the amount of oxygen available in a given environment may dictate an organism's energetic potential. In addition, while temperature influences the rate of biochemical reactions in the body, it also causes elevated metabolic demands in ectothermic species. As temperatures rise, ectotherms require more oxygen to support elevated metabolic demands at high temperature. At a certain thermal or hypoxic threshold the balance of animal oxygen demand to ambient supply may fall below sustainable levels. Environments that do not confer enough energetic potential to support population energetic needs are considered non-viable species habitat. Increased presence of such environments within occupied species range has consequences for animal distribution and abundance, and the potential for metabolic tradeoffs in growth, reproduction, foraging, etc. My research aimed to establish the thermal and hypoxic sensitivity of metabolic demands and performance in marine sharks, quantify thermal and hypoxic limitation of aerobic energetic performance, and to test the species-specific utility of metabolic performance metrics such as aerobic scope and oxygen supply capacity as indicators of viable species habitat.Aerobic scope, defined as an organism's aerobic energetic potential, provides a measure of the energy available for sharks to perform all life activities within a given environment. This metric is derived from two components that can be directly measured in aquatic species: 1) maximum metabolic rate (MMR), the highest rate of organism energy use, vital for predator evasion and prey capture, and 2) resting or standard metabolic rate (SMR), i.e., the lowest energy required to maintain the body's basal energetic needs while at rest. The difference between maximum and standard metabolic demand provides a measure of aerobic scope. This scope may be expressed in both absolute (absolute aerobic scope = MMR-SMR) and factorial terms (factorial aerobic scope = MMR/SMR), with each expression of aerobic scope providing distinct interpretations of species thermal optimality and or sublethal thermal limits. Factorial aerobic scope (FAS) is defined as the factorial change in aerobic energetic potential, or the factorial change in oxygen. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
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