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The Effects of Tree Diversity, Pest Abundance, and Vegetation Complexity on Natural Enemy Conservation and Biological Control Services in Urban Trees and Shrubs.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The Effects of Tree Diversity, Pest Abundance, and Vegetation Complexity on Natural Enemy Conservation and Biological Control Services in Urban Trees and Shrubs./
作者:	Wilson, Caleb John.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (166 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-04B.
標題:	Trees. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29419999click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798352652541

The Effects of Tree Diversity, Pest Abundance, and Vegetation Complexity on Natural Enemy Conservation and Biological Control Services in Urban Trees and Shrubs.
Wilson, Caleb John.

The Effects of Tree Diversity, Pest Abundance, and Vegetation Complexity on Natural Enemy Conservation and Biological Control Services in Urban Trees and Shrubs. - 1 online resource (166 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Trees in urban ecosystems are often host higher densities of scale insects compared to trees in forests. The extensive impervious surfaces in urban landscapes absorbs solar radiation and re-emits this radiation as heat. This effect, termed "the urban heat island effect" creates water stress on trees and increases the fecundity of scale insect pests. In my dissertation I studied ways in which scale insects on urban trees can be managed through supporting tree diversity. I also examined how scale insects in urban trees can conserve natural enemy taxa to promote biological control of insect pests in trees and shrubs.In my first chapter, I studied how tree species richness and tree canopy cover influenced gloomy scales (Melanaspis tenebricosa (Comstock)), and biological control services on urban red maple trees in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. The goal of this project was to assess if tree diversity and canopy cover reduced scale abundance by supporting natural enemies and biological control. I found that tree diversity and canopy cover interacted to lower gloomy scale abundance, but these predictors also decreased natural enemy abundance and did not enhance gloomy scale parasitism nor removal of sentinel prey. My findings indicate that maintaining tree diversity is an effective way of managing gloomy scales, but that this effect is not driven by enhanced biological control.In my second chapter, I investigated whether scale-infested oak trees hosted more natural enemies than scale-uninfested oak trees and if scale-infested trees supported natural enemy communities in shrubs below them. Because many natural enemies parasitize scales, feed on them, or eat their honeydew, I wanted to determine if tolerating scales on urban trees could aid in natural enemy conservation. I collected scales and natural enemies from infested and uninfested trees and shrubs below these trees and I measured the accumulation of natural enemies and nonnatural enemies on shrubs below both tree types. I found that shrubs underneath scale-infested trees hosted more natural enemies and non-natural enemies and that both groups accumulated on these shrubs over short time intervals. My findings indicate that scales conserve both natural enemies and prey to support natural enemy communities in urban trees and that these effects spill over to shrubs below them.In my third chapter I studied if scale-infested urban trees supported greater biological control services in trees and in shrubs below these trees compared to scale-uninfested trees and the shrubs below them. I found that vegetation complexity often strengthened biological control within and below scale-infested trees but it often had a negative or weak positive effect on biological control under scale-uninfested trees. My results suggest that scale-infested trees can support biological control services, and that these services are strengthened by complex vegetation cover.Certain spider families are rare in cities compared to rural areas and scale-insects may be able to conserve spider families sensitive to urban development. In my fourth chapter I studied if scale-infested trees conserved spider families by hosting a different community of spiders than scale-uninfested trees and if these effects spilled over to shrubs below them.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798352652541Subjects--Topical Terms:

516384
Trees.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

The Effects of Tree Diversity, Pest Abundance, and Vegetation Complexity on Natural Enemy Conservation and Biological Control Services in Urban Trees and Shrubs.
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245 1 4 $a The Effects of Tree Diversity, Pest Abundance, and Vegetation Complexity on Natural Enemy Conservation and Biological Control Services in Urban Trees and Shrubs.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Sorenson, Clyde; Huseth, Anders; Irwin, Rebecca; Frank, Steven.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2022.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Trees in urban ecosystems are often host higher densities of scale insects compared to trees in forests. The extensive impervious surfaces in urban landscapes absorbs solar radiation and re-emits this radiation as heat. This effect, termed "the urban heat island effect" creates water stress on trees and increases the fecundity of scale insect pests. In my dissertation I studied ways in which scale insects on urban trees can be managed through supporting tree diversity. I also examined how scale insects in urban trees can conserve natural enemy taxa to promote biological control of insect pests in trees and shrubs.In my first chapter, I studied how tree species richness and tree canopy cover influenced gloomy scales (Melanaspis tenebricosa (Comstock)), and biological control services on urban red maple trees in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. The goal of this project was to assess if tree diversity and canopy cover reduced scale abundance by supporting natural enemies and biological control. I found that tree diversity and canopy cover interacted to lower gloomy scale abundance, but these predictors also decreased natural enemy abundance and did not enhance gloomy scale parasitism nor removal of sentinel prey. My findings indicate that maintaining tree diversity is an effective way of managing gloomy scales, but that this effect is not driven by enhanced biological control.In my second chapter, I investigated whether scale-infested oak trees hosted more natural enemies than scale-uninfested oak trees and if scale-infested trees supported natural enemy communities in shrubs below them. Because many natural enemies parasitize scales, feed on them, or eat their honeydew, I wanted to determine if tolerating scales on urban trees could aid in natural enemy conservation. I collected scales and natural enemies from infested and uninfested trees and shrubs below these trees and I measured the accumulation of natural enemies and nonnatural enemies on shrubs below both tree types. I found that shrubs underneath scale-infested trees hosted more natural enemies and non-natural enemies and that both groups accumulated on these shrubs over short time intervals. My findings indicate that scales conserve both natural enemies and prey to support natural enemy communities in urban trees and that these effects spill over to shrubs below them.In my third chapter I studied if scale-infested urban trees supported greater biological control services in trees and in shrubs below these trees compared to scale-uninfested trees and the shrubs below them. I found that vegetation complexity often strengthened biological control within and below scale-infested trees but it often had a negative or weak positive effect on biological control under scale-uninfested trees. My results suggest that scale-infested trees can support biological control services, and that these services are strengthened by complex vegetation cover.Certain spider families are rare in cities compared to rural areas and scale-insects may be able to conserve spider families sensitive to urban development. In my fourth chapter I studied if scale-infested trees conserved spider families by hosting a different community of spiders than scale-uninfested trees and if these effects spilled over to shrubs below them.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2023
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Trees. $3 516384
650 4 $a Insects. $3 516323
650 4 $a Vegetation. $3 3560047
650 4 $a Arthropods. $3 3689270
650 4 $a Generalized linear models. $3 3561810
650 4 $a Predation. $3 3562921
650 4 $a Wood sciences. $3 3168288
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 lcsh $3 542853
690 $a 0746
710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 783688
710 2 $a North Carolina State University. $3 1018772
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 84-04B.
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29419999 $z click for full text (PQDT)