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Comparative and Functional Genomics of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobium Symbiosis in Plants.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Comparative and Functional Genomics of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobium Symbiosis in Plants./
作者:	Holmer, Rens.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (161 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-05B.
標題:	Nitrates. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28760897click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798494452764

Comparative and Functional Genomics of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobium Symbiosis in Plants.
Holmer, Rens.

Comparative and Functional Genomics of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobium Symbiosis in Plants. - 1 online resource (161 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2021.

Includes bibliographical references

Given that nodulating plants do not require exogenous nitrogen fertilizer, engineering nodulation in non-nodulating crops has been a longstanding ambition. From an evolutionary perspective, identifying the genetic changes that led to nodulation can provide key engineering targets. The occurrence of nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis with rhizobium or Frankia bacteria is limited to ten plant lineages in four orders: Fagales, Fabales, Rosales, and Cucurbitales. These four orders together form a clade, referred to as the nitrogen-fixing clade. The scattered phylogenetic distribution of nodulating lineages previously led to the hypothesis that nodulation evolved independently multiple times, possibly preceded by a predisposition event at the root of the nitrogen-fixing clade. This thesis presents comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify genetic changes leading to the evolution of nodulation, as well as innovations in the computational tools required for such analyses. Chapter 2 consists of a review of known molecular mechanisms in two plant-bacteria symbioses (with rhizobia and Frankia) and in two plantfungus symbioses (arbuscular mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae). Specifically, I explore to what extent molecular mechanisms are shared between these four symbioses. The two main commonalities in symbiotic signalling are (1) rhizobium and Frankia symbioses are known to co-opt various elements of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic signalling, and (2) plant-secreted flavonoids and strigolactones act as attractants to the symbiont in all four symbioses. Placing the known symbiotic molecular mechanisms in a comparative context will provide a targeted approach at studying the molecular evolution of nodulation.In chapter 3 I studied the molecular evolution of nodulation in the only lineage outside of the legumes that engages in rhizobium symbiosis - Parasponia - and its non-nodulating sister lineage Trema, both from the Cannabaceae family in the order Rosales. I started with assembling and annotating reference genomes for Parasponia andersonii and Trema orientalis using newly generated data, taking care to avoid lineage specific annotation errors. Using targeted and untargeted approaches, I performed a comparative genomic analysis to identify genetic changes that correlate with the nodulation trait. Following the multiple gain hypothesis, I expected to find evidence for a gain of nodulation in Parasponia. However, such evidence could not be found. Instead, I found pseudogenes Trema genomes of genes known to be essential for nodulation, which indicated a loss of the nodulation trait in Trema species. In an extended evolutionary perspective, I analyzed public data for several non-nodulating lineages in the Rosales, revealing consistent gene loss of NOD FACTOR PERCEPTION 2 (NFP2), NODULE INCEPTION (NIN), and RHIZOBIUMDIRECTED POLAR GROWTH (RPG). Combined with the identification of 290 conserved genes that are transcriptionally upregulated in nodules of Parasponia andersonii and the legume Medicago truncatula (order Fabales), I conclude that the evolutionary origin of nodulation lies at least at the root of the Rosales, and that the trait was subsequently lost multiple times in non-nodulating lineages within the nitrogen-fixing clade. As genes do not function in isolation, Chapter 4 extends the perspective of chapter 3 to the evolution of transcriptional networks in nodulation. In model legumes, multiple transcriptional regulators are known to be crucial for nodulation, including NIN.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798494452764Subjects--Topical Terms:

914879
Nitrates.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Comparative and Functional Genomics of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobium Symbiosis in Plants.
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