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Civilian Victimization and the Role of the United Nations to Reduce Such Atrocity.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Civilian Victimization and the Role of the United Nations to Reduce Such Atrocity./
作者:	Almutairi, Assaf M.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (142 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-08, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-08A.
標題:	Peace studies. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28962858click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798790654985

Civilian Victimization and the Role of the United Nations to Reduce Such Atrocity.
Almutairi, Assaf M.

Civilian Victimization and the Role of the United Nations to Reduce Such Atrocity. - 1 online resource (142 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-08, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

With the creation of the United Nations, proliferation of new types of weapons, decline of traditional colonial states, independence of new states and other changes in the international system, other types of conflicts began to emerge. Civil wars, which are fought internally within states between governments and non-state actors, have become more common since 1945. Generally, civil wars have been associated with human sufferings; civilians, in particular, have been found to suffer significantly during civil wars. Most of the time, combatants in civil wars target, abuse and kill civilians. Such problem has puzzled political scholars for along time. The focus of this dissertation is civilian victimization, which is defined as the wartime strategy that targets and kills non-combatants. In this project, civilian victimization has been studied from three different aspects.Chapter 2 is dedicated to examine the effectiveness of civilian victimization. Studies on effectiveness of violence produce contradicting answers to whether civilian victimization is effective. To better explain the effectiveness of civilian victimization, I start by assuming that rebel groups are not unitary actors, meaning that the internal affairs of rebel groups are of importance. In other words, I assume that the internal dynamics of rebel groups influence their external behaviour. I argue that rebel groups occasionally conduct violence to solve some internal problems. More specifically, rebel groups' leaders may resort to violence in order to influence their followers or their groups' members in a way that keeps them in the group over the course of conflict. Hence, violence sometimes is used by rebels' leaders to enhance cohesiveness within their organization. Victimization increases the gap between members of rebel groups and the civil community, which leads members of rebel groups to find it hard to rejoin the community. I test this argument by using a survey conducted in Sierra Leone during 2003, a year after the war ended. The survey targeted ex-combatants in order to collect information on their behaviour during Sierra Leone civil war. Different proxies were generated out of the survey to test weather or not civilian victimization increases cohesiveness of rebel groups.Chapter 3 is dedicated to study the causes of civilian victimization. Specifically, it examines a condition under which states are likely to target civilians during civil conflict. Much of the literature on targeting civilians during civil war focus mostly on rebel group violence. Scholars have paid little attention to state violence during civil war. This study proposes a theory for why a regime may target non-combatants during civil. More specifically, I link the occurrence of civilian victimization by state to the existence of natural resources available to leaders of states. Natural resources wealth strengthens the leaders of states politically and physically and allows them to engage in costly behaviour, such as targeting civilians. I used different statistical methods to test the suggested theory. The data were drawn from different sources.In chapter 4, I shift the focus to study the effectiveness of the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Specifically, I study why the United Nations peacekeeping operations fail to protect civilians from killings. I link the U.N's failure to protect civilians with the number of rebel groups on the ground. I theoretically propose that as the number of rebel groups increases, the harder for U.N peacekeeping to achieve its task: protecting civilians. The existence of multiple factions negatively affects the ability of the U.N to reduce the severity of the coordination and cooperation problem. Further, the existence of multiple factions reduce the ability of the U.N peacekeeping to implement strategies (siding against the predator) to reduce civilian targeting. Lastly, the the existence of multiple factions reduce the ability of the U.N to separate factions from one another and create barriers between factions and civilians. The propositions were testing using statistical methods and I found support to the fact that large number of rebel groups has a negative effect on the U.N peacekeeping to protect civilians.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798790654985Subjects--Topical Terms:

3172392
Peace studies.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Civil WarIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Civilian Victimization and the Role of the United Nations to Reduce Such Atrocity.
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