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Essays on the Equilibrium Effects of Public Policies.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Essays on the Equilibrium Effects of Public Policies./
作者:	Barahona Kunze, Hernan Felipe.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	179 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-01, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-01A.
標題:	Food. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28550776
ISBN:	9798522940324

Essays on the Equilibrium Effects of Public Policies.
Barahona Kunze, Hernan Felipe.

Essays on the Equilibrium Effects of Public Policies. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 179 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-01, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation combines three essays on the equilibrium effects of public policies. In it, we study the (unintended) consequences that arise from large-scale policy implementations due to equilibrium responses. We combine reduced-form evidence that exploits quasi-experimental variation induced by policy interventions with structural models that help to connect the data to a theoretical framework. The first chapter studies a national food labeling policy implemented in Chile. The second chapter looks at vintage-specific driving restrictions that impose limits on car use for older vehicles implemented in Chile. The third chapter estimates the gains and benefits of a large-scale affirmative action program implemented in Brazil. In Chapter 1, "Equilibrium Effects of Food Labeling Policies, " joint with Cristobal Otero, Sebastian Otero, and Joshua Kim, we study the effects of a front-of-package labeling regulation implemented in Chile that mandates the use of warning labels on products whose sugar or calorie concentration exceeds certain thresholds. We combine reduced-form analysis with a structural model of supply and demand for food and nutrients to quantify the impact of the policy on nutritional intake and consumer welfare. In the first part of the paper, we document an overall decrease in sugar and calorie intake of 9% and 7% after the implementation of the policy. On the demand-side, we show that consumers substitute from labeled to unlabeled products. This effect is mostly driven by products which consumers mistakenly believed to be healthy before the policy. On the supply-side, we find substantial reformulation of products and bunching at the regulatory thresholds. We then develop and estimate a model. In our model, consumers care about the price, taste, and healthiness of food products, but may have poorly calibrated beliefs about products' nutritional content. Food labels help consumers to make better-informed purchasing decisions by providing information. Firms choose products' prices and nutritional content to maximize profits. Food labels induce firms to reformulate their products to avoid receiving a label. However, reducing the concentration of critical nutrients is costly, and may cause firms to raise prices that get passed on to consumers. We find that food labels increase consumer surplus by 3.8% of total expenditure. We also show that firms' responses enhance the effects of food labels on nutritional intake by 142% and increase gains in consumer surplus by 18%. We then use the model to study alternative policy designs. Under optimal policy thresholds, food labels cause gains in average consumer surplus similar to those of optimal sugar taxes but benefit the poor relatively more. In Chapter 2 "Vintage-specific Driving Restriction, " joint with Francisco Gallego and Juan-Pablo Montero, and published in the Review of Economic Studies in July 2020, we study the effects of vintage-specific driving restrictions on pollution and consumer welfare. Authorities in many cities around the world have imposed limits on car use through driving restrictions, that ban the use of cars one day a week according to the last digit of the license plate. By placing uniform restrictions on all cars, many of these programs have created incentives for drivers to buy additional, more polluting cars.

ISBN: 9798522940324Subjects--Topical Terms:

551593
Food.

Essays on the Equilibrium Effects of Public Policies.
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520 $a This dissertation combines three essays on the equilibrium effects of public policies. In it, we study the (unintended) consequences that arise from large-scale policy implementations due to equilibrium responses. We combine reduced-form evidence that exploits quasi-experimental variation induced by policy interventions with structural models that help to connect the data to a theoretical framework. The first chapter studies a national food labeling policy implemented in Chile. The second chapter looks at vintage-specific driving restrictions that impose limits on car use for older vehicles implemented in Chile. The third chapter estimates the gains and benefits of a large-scale affirmative action program implemented in Brazil. In Chapter 1, "Equilibrium Effects of Food Labeling Policies, " joint with Cristobal Otero, Sebastian Otero, and Joshua Kim, we study the effects of a front-of-package labeling regulation implemented in Chile that mandates the use of warning labels on products whose sugar or calorie concentration exceeds certain thresholds. We combine reduced-form analysis with a structural model of supply and demand for food and nutrients to quantify the impact of the policy on nutritional intake and consumer welfare. In the first part of the paper, we document an overall decrease in sugar and calorie intake of 9% and 7% after the implementation of the policy. On the demand-side, we show that consumers substitute from labeled to unlabeled products. This effect is mostly driven by products which consumers mistakenly believed to be healthy before the policy. On the supply-side, we find substantial reformulation of products and bunching at the regulatory thresholds. We then develop and estimate a model. In our model, consumers care about the price, taste, and healthiness of food products, but may have poorly calibrated beliefs about products' nutritional content. Food labels help consumers to make better-informed purchasing decisions by providing information. Firms choose products' prices and nutritional content to maximize profits. Food labels induce firms to reformulate their products to avoid receiving a label. However, reducing the concentration of critical nutrients is costly, and may cause firms to raise prices that get passed on to consumers. We find that food labels increase consumer surplus by 3.8% of total expenditure. We also show that firms' responses enhance the effects of food labels on nutritional intake by 142% and increase gains in consumer surplus by 18%. We then use the model to study alternative policy designs. Under optimal policy thresholds, food labels cause gains in average consumer surplus similar to those of optimal sugar taxes but benefit the poor relatively more. In Chapter 2 "Vintage-specific Driving Restriction, " joint with Francisco Gallego and Juan-Pablo Montero, and published in the Review of Economic Studies in July 2020, we study the effects of vintage-specific driving restrictions on pollution and consumer welfare. Authorities in many cities around the world have imposed limits on car use through driving restrictions, that ban the use of cars one day a week according to the last digit of the license plate. By placing uniform restrictions on all cars, many of these programs have created incentives for drivers to buy additional, more polluting cars.
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