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Three Essays in Development Economics: An Examination of Female Health and Labor in India.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Three Essays in Development Economics: An Examination of Female Health and Labor in India./
作者:	Adkins, Savannah.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2022,
面頁冊數:	134 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-11, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-11A.
標題:	Gender studies. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29164744
ISBN:	9798438721499

Three Essays in Development Economics: An Examination of Female Health and Labor in India.
Adkins, Savannah.

Three Essays in Development Economics: An Examination of Female Health and Labor in India. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022 - 134 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-11, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Clark University, 2022.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation explores three gender-related topics within the context of India: bargaining power, child-marriage, and sex-selective abortion. The first chapter examines the effect of local labor market opportunities in India on a variety of female bargaining characteristics, including intimate partner violence, intrahousehold discussion of important issues, and fertility. I utilize district-level data on employment in various industries to calculate an employment shift-share index which proxies demand for female labor. I find that overall improvements in labor market conditions lead to a decrease in domestic violence. A gender differentiated employment index reveals that improvements in women's labor market outcomes decreases the risk of domestic violence and improves decision making power in the household. However, improvements in predicted male employment have little effect or a negative effect on women's household bargaining power. When disaggregated by indicators of initial bargaining power, the effect on women is reversed, indicating a backlash effect for women at lower levels of initial bargaining power. The second chapter looks at the connection between female labor demand and child marriage. Using multiple rounds of the National Sample Survey (NSS), I construct a shift-share index to measure demand for female labor. I find that increases in labor demand for women, both conditional and unconditional on male labor demand, cause a decrease in the probability of child marriage. In addition, I find that long-run growth has an amplified effect on diminishing the probability of child marriage. Lastly, I find that the results are driven by low-income families and demand for highly educated female labor. All the results indicate a positive shift in aspirations placed on young women, leading them to substitute away from child marriage toward labor market activities and education. The final chapter explores the unintended consequences of a policy aimed at combatting sex-selective abortion in India. The Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PCPNDT) was a major effort by the Indian government to fight the issue of increasingly unequal sex ratios due to sex selective abortion of female fetuses. Using a difference-in-differences approach, I examine the unintended negative impact the act may have had on unwanted female children. The estimates suggest that the PCPNDT Act lead to unwanted girls being born who suffered worse health outcomes. I find that female children impacted by the PCPNDT act experience a negative consequences in terms of their anthropomorphic measures, vaccine uptake, and mortality. This chapter contributes to the growing literature on the quantity-quality paradox of the "missing girls" in China and India.

ISBN: 9798438721499Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122708
Gender studies.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Bargaining

Three Essays in Development Economics: An Examination of Female Health and Labor in India.
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300 $a 134 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-11, Section: A.
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520 $a This dissertation explores three gender-related topics within the context of India: bargaining power, child-marriage, and sex-selective abortion. The first chapter examines the effect of local labor market opportunities in India on a variety of female bargaining characteristics, including intimate partner violence, intrahousehold discussion of important issues, and fertility. I utilize district-level data on employment in various industries to calculate an employment shift-share index which proxies demand for female labor. I find that overall improvements in labor market conditions lead to a decrease in domestic violence. A gender differentiated employment index reveals that improvements in women's labor market outcomes decreases the risk of domestic violence and improves decision making power in the household. However, improvements in predicted male employment have little effect or a negative effect on women's household bargaining power. When disaggregated by indicators of initial bargaining power, the effect on women is reversed, indicating a backlash effect for women at lower levels of initial bargaining power. The second chapter looks at the connection between female labor demand and child marriage. Using multiple rounds of the National Sample Survey (NSS), I construct a shift-share index to measure demand for female labor. I find that increases in labor demand for women, both conditional and unconditional on male labor demand, cause a decrease in the probability of child marriage. In addition, I find that long-run growth has an amplified effect on diminishing the probability of child marriage. Lastly, I find that the results are driven by low-income families and demand for highly educated female labor. All the results indicate a positive shift in aspirations placed on young women, leading them to substitute away from child marriage toward labor market activities and education. The final chapter explores the unintended consequences of a policy aimed at combatting sex-selective abortion in India. The Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PCPNDT) was a major effort by the Indian government to fight the issue of increasingly unequal sex ratios due to sex selective abortion of female fetuses. Using a difference-in-differences approach, I examine the unintended negative impact the act may have had on unwanted female children. The estimates suggest that the PCPNDT Act lead to unwanted girls being born who suffered worse health outcomes. I find that female children impacted by the PCPNDT act experience a negative consequences in terms of their anthropomorphic measures, vaccine uptake, and mortality. This chapter contributes to the growing literature on the quantity-quality paradox of the "missing girls" in China and India.
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653 $a Development
653 $a Health
653 $a Labor
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793 $a English
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