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Plant Responses to Soil Water Dynamics and Atmospheric Demand.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Plant Responses to Soil Water Dynamics and Atmospheric Demand./
作者:	Rosas-Anderson, Pablo Jose.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	114 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-09B.
標題:	Agriculture. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28354570
ISBN:	9798569960057

Plant Responses to Soil Water Dynamics and Atmospheric Demand.
Rosas-Anderson, Pablo Jose.

Plant Responses to Soil Water Dynamics and Atmospheric Demand. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 114 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-09, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Drought poses a significant risk to crop productivity and the risk is expected to increase due to climate change. As a result, much of the research under controlled environments has focused on understanding plant responses under progressive soil drying and under increased atmospheric water demand. Recovery from drought stress will be critical for maintaining high yields when drought is relieved by rainfall or irrigation. When irrigation is available, farmers must estimate plant water use for managing irrigation. This can be challenging due to the dynamics of atmospheric water demand, plant transpiration, and soil evaporation. In this dissertation, two plant systems were used to evaluate plant responses to soil drying and rewatering, and the diel dynamics of evapotranspiration in response to increases in vapor pressure deficit (VPD). All experiments were conducted in controlled environments. In the first study, five soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) genotypes including USDAN8002, a recently released drought tolerant cultivar, were used to examine canopy area expansion and maintenance during soil drying and recovery. Water-deficit stress was imposed by reducing irrigation based on daily transpiration rates and subsequently re-watered to well-watered control levels marking a five-day recovery phase. Leaf expansion rates of the five soybean genotypes were measured during soil drying and during the recovery phase. Canopy necrosis was also measured during recovery. Genotypic differences for critical soil water thresholds at which leaf expansion rates declined were detected. Genotype Benning showed a consistent sensitivity of expansion rates to soil drying while genotype Geden Shirazu showed high leaf expansion tolerance to soil drying. All genotypes rapidly recovered expansion rates, within 1 or 2 days. During recovery, USDA-N8002 had the highest leaf expansion recovery among the genotypes. The high recovery potential of USDA-N8002 was largely due to high nighttime expansion recovery. This elite drought tolerant cultivar along with cultivar Benning experienced the lowest levels of leaf necrosis.In the second study, the same set of soybean genotypes were used to examine how transpiration and leaf gas exchange recover from soil-drying. Irrigation was reduced daily to achieve complete soil drying and subsequently re-watered to initiate a recovery phase. Transpiration of the genotypes was measured by gravimetric methods. Leaf photosynthesis was also measured during recovery. After re-watering, transpiration was low but stabilized on day 3, to about 50% to 100% of controls. Transpiration recovery differences were detected between the varieties USDA-N8002 and Benning compared to the landrace Geden Shirazu, with Geden Shirazu having the lowest recovery. Photosynthesis and VPD response measurements did not show that restricted plant stomatal conductance was responsible for the limitation observed in Geden Shirazu recovery. In the third study, two key components of potential water loss from a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) system that have not previously been examined in detail were investigated: 1) water loss in darkness, and 2) water loss through evaporation directly from the soil. An automated gravimetric system and soil moisture probes allowed precise measurements of water loss over ranges of VPD from cores of creeping bentgrass collected from the field. Results showed that evapotranspiration in the dark was 40 to 60% of that in the light across VPDs. Using cores treated with a fast-acting, desiccating herbicide that eliminated transpiration but kept core resistances intact, soil evaporation was estimated to account for 40% of total water loss in the light and 60 to 70% in the dark. The results of the experiments collectively indicated that water loss in darkness must be separately accounted for to accurately estimate daily evapotranspiration totals and irrigation requirements.

ISBN: 9798569960057Subjects--Topical Terms:

518588
Agriculture.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Plant response

Plant Responses to Soil Water Dynamics and Atmospheric Demand.
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