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Soil Health Assessment and Management in Arid and Semiarid Agricultural Systems.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Soil Health Assessment and Management in Arid and Semiarid Agricultural Systems./
作者:	Omer, Mohammed.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	208 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-12B.
標題:	Soil sciences. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27838306
ISBN:	9798645475055

Soil Health Assessment and Management in Arid and Semiarid Agricultural Systems.
Omer, Mohammed.

Soil Health Assessment and Management in Arid and Semiarid Agricultural Systems. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 208 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--New Mexico State University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Soil health assessment and management is challenging in arid and semiarid agroecosystems, characterized by low soil quality and persistent degradation. Therefore, a project with an overall goal to investigate soil health dynamics in arid and semiarid agricultural cropping systems was initiated. The specific objectives were to i) evaluate seasonal variability of soil quality (health) indicators; ii) evaluate the impact of soil/crop management systems on soil quality; iii) evaluate soil quality across major land resource areas (MLRAs) under different cropping management systems (CMS) in New Mexico; and iv) evaluate visible near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for rapid soil quality assessment in arid and semiarid agroecosystems.Results from the seasonal variability study showed that out of the 21 soil measurements investigated, 15 varied significantly with the time-of-sampling within a year, and the trends of variability were often not consistent. Wet aggregate stability, mean weight diameter of dry aggregates, available water capacity, and soil bulk density were significantly higher in the summer, while permanganate oxidizable carbon and soil organic matter were significantly higher in the fall and winter, respectively. The outcome of this study suggests the need to restrict soil health sampling to the same time of the year in order to track the directional changes in soil quality.The study on the impact of soil/crop management practices on soil health indicators showed that management systems with permanent ground covers (e.g., tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.)] permanent grass field, a peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) orchard with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) ground cover, and an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) field) had more favorable soil characteristics compared to the conventionally tilled systems (annual, arable cropping systems) or the system with no ground cover (cottonwood [Populus deltoides W. Bartram] orchard ). Additionally, the management systems in medium to fine textured soils had more favorable soil characteristics than the coarse textured soils. Several physical, chemical and biological soil properties were significantly affected by soil/crop management, indicating that these measurements may be good indicators for assessing soil quality in arid cropping systems.In the study evaluating soil quality across major land resource areas, soil biological measurements were the most sensitive attributes. Using multivariate statistics (exploratory factor analysis), four distinct and interpretable component factors were extracted for regional-scale assessment of soil quality. The interpreted components were soil aggregation, soil organic matter, salinity/sodicity and selected soil nutrients. For agricultural fields, a few soil measurements were suggested as a minimum data set (MDS) for soil health assessment, which included mean weight diameter (MWD) of dry aggregates, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and extractable potassium (K). However, the selected MDS needs further validation in future studies.Soil samples collected across the studies highlighted above were subject to VNIR and LIBS spectroscopies, and the spectral data generated were related to several soil quality indicator measurements of the respective samples. Results from the spectroscopy study were promising, showing that calibrations (relationships between spectral data and soil measurement) based on samples collected across all study locations performed better for LIBS and combined VNIRS - LIBS, while measurements separated according to study locations had better calibrations for VNIRS compared to combined locations. The prediction values varied with the time of sampling for both LIBS and VNIRS.In summary, the above studies focused on the importance of soil health assessment and management to enhance resource sustainability in arid agroecosystems. More field-based studies are needed to further expand the outcome of the studies conducted in this project, especially in the area of development of farmer-oriented soil health tests that can be used in arid and semiarid regions. The process of developing such a soil health test can greatly benefit from the outcomes of the studies conducted in this project.

ISBN: 9798645475055Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122699
Soil sciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Arid soils

Soil Health Assessment and Management in Arid and Semiarid Agricultural Systems.
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300 $a 208 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Idowu, John;Ulery, April.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--New Mexico State University, 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Soil health assessment and management is challenging in arid and semiarid agroecosystems, characterized by low soil quality and persistent degradation. Therefore, a project with an overall goal to investigate soil health dynamics in arid and semiarid agricultural cropping systems was initiated. The specific objectives were to i) evaluate seasonal variability of soil quality (health) indicators; ii) evaluate the impact of soil/crop management systems on soil quality; iii) evaluate soil quality across major land resource areas (MLRAs) under different cropping management systems (CMS) in New Mexico; and iv) evaluate visible near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for rapid soil quality assessment in arid and semiarid agroecosystems.Results from the seasonal variability study showed that out of the 21 soil measurements investigated, 15 varied significantly with the time-of-sampling within a year, and the trends of variability were often not consistent. Wet aggregate stability, mean weight diameter of dry aggregates, available water capacity, and soil bulk density were significantly higher in the summer, while permanganate oxidizable carbon and soil organic matter were significantly higher in the fall and winter, respectively. The outcome of this study suggests the need to restrict soil health sampling to the same time of the year in order to track the directional changes in soil quality.The study on the impact of soil/crop management practices on soil health indicators showed that management systems with permanent ground covers (e.g., tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.)] permanent grass field, a peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) orchard with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) ground cover, and an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) field) had more favorable soil characteristics compared to the conventionally tilled systems (annual, arable cropping systems) or the system with no ground cover (cottonwood [Populus deltoides W. Bartram] orchard ). Additionally, the management systems in medium to fine textured soils had more favorable soil characteristics than the coarse textured soils. Several physical, chemical and biological soil properties were significantly affected by soil/crop management, indicating that these measurements may be good indicators for assessing soil quality in arid cropping systems.In the study evaluating soil quality across major land resource areas, soil biological measurements were the most sensitive attributes. Using multivariate statistics (exploratory factor analysis), four distinct and interpretable component factors were extracted for regional-scale assessment of soil quality. The interpreted components were soil aggregation, soil organic matter, salinity/sodicity and selected soil nutrients. For agricultural fields, a few soil measurements were suggested as a minimum data set (MDS) for soil health assessment, which included mean weight diameter (MWD) of dry aggregates, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and extractable potassium (K). However, the selected MDS needs further validation in future studies.Soil samples collected across the studies highlighted above were subject to VNIR and LIBS spectroscopies, and the spectral data generated were related to several soil quality indicator measurements of the respective samples. Results from the spectroscopy study were promising, showing that calibrations (relationships between spectral data and soil measurement) based on samples collected across all study locations performed better for LIBS and combined VNIRS - LIBS, while measurements separated according to study locations had better calibrations for VNIRS compared to combined locations. The prediction values varied with the time of sampling for both LIBS and VNIRS.In summary, the above studies focused on the importance of soil health assessment and management to enhance resource sustainability in arid agroecosystems. More field-based studies are needed to further expand the outcome of the studies conducted in this project, especially in the area of development of farmer-oriented soil health tests that can be used in arid and semiarid regions. The process of developing such a soil health test can greatly benefit from the outcomes of the studies conducted in this project.
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650 4 $a Agronomy. $3 2122783
650 4 $a Agriculture. $3 518588
653 $a Arid soils
653 $a Cropping systems
653 $a Soil health
653 $a Soil quality
653 $a Soil sampling
653 $a Visible near infrared and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopies
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