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A Potential Mechanism Sustaining the Biological Hotspot Around Palmer Deep Canyon.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	A Potential Mechanism Sustaining the Biological Hotspot Around Palmer Deep Canyon./
Author:	Hudson, Katherine L.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2022,
Description:	251 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-09B.
Subject:	Biological oceanography. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28964569
ISBN:	9798209892045

A Potential Mechanism Sustaining the Biological Hotspot Around Palmer Deep Canyon.
Hudson, Katherine L.

A Potential Mechanism Sustaining the Biological Hotspot Around Palmer Deep Canyon. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022 - 251 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-09, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2022.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Palmer Deep Canyon (PDC) is a submarine canyon located along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The region is considered a biological hotspot due to the high number of marine predators during the austral summer. The mechanisms that drive this hotspot, however, are poorly understood. Glider and satellite-based temperature and chlorophyll measurements in the region previously suggested that upwelling of warm, nutrient-rich water was fueling phytoplankton blooms in the area. These phytoplankton blooms would support Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the region who feed on the phytoplankton blooms occurring over the canyon, providing a reliable food source for marine predator populations.Gliders deployed in the austral summer of 2015, however, illustrate that upwelling of mUCDW does not occur over PDC. Spatial decorrelation analysis of surface and deep (100 m) water masses suggest PDC is a two-layer system: a surface mixed layer that does not feel the presence of the canyon, and a deep subsurface layer that is heavily influenced by the canyon. Within this subsurface layer, isopycnal doming was present over the deepest and eastern flanks of the canyon, suggesting that subsurface circulation may be present within the canyon. A subsurface backscattering particle layer was also observed in these regions of the canyon, suggesting that retention may be present below the surface mixed layer. This led to the hypothesis that a recirculating subsurface eddy was present below the mixed layer and retaining particles in the system. Three gliders were deployed in the austral summer of 2020 to test this hypothesis. Isopycnal doming was observed in similar regions to the canyon as 2015. The subsurface particle layer was also present, but it was not as strong as it was in 2015. Opportunistic transects illustrated a distinct lack of particles outside of the canyon, indicating possible retention in the canyon. Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) simulations revealed the presence of subsurface, bathymetry-following flows forming a subsurface eddy over PDC during the austral summer. This subsurface eddy increases residence times of neutrally buoyant particles released at depth to 200 days.To test whether this subsurface feature could retain vertically migrating zooplankton, diel vertical migration (DVM) was added to particle simulations in ROMS to simulate zooplankton, using sun angle to modulate the frequency of the behavior. The addition of DVM increased simulated zooplankton residence times relative to surface residence times, with residence times increasing to nearly 30 days when zooplankton migrated down to 300 m. These residence times increased with longer days and shallower mixed layers, which we used as a proxy for the depth between the surface mixed layer and the subsurface eddy. Simulated zooplankton with DVM behavior were tracked in relationship to nearby penguin foraging areas to determine how this subsurface feature and the resulting retention impacts the biological hotspot in PDC. The canyon was removed from the model to determine its impact on zooplankton delivery. Observed foraging areas had higher overall zooplankton delivery and a larger fraction of zooplankton delivered from the subsurface eddy when PDC was present in the model and migrations were deep. This suggests that the eddy may play a key role in providing the resources to these penguin foraging areas, and possibly fueling the biological hotspot in PDC.

ISBN: 9798209892045Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122748
Biological oceanography.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Krill

A Potential Mechanism Sustaining the Biological Hotspot Around Palmer Deep Canyon.
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245 1 0 $a A Potential Mechanism Sustaining the Biological Hotspot Around Palmer Deep Canyon.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2022
300 $a 251 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-09, Section: B.
500 $a Includes supplementary digital materials.
500 $a Advisor: Oliver, Matthew J.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2022.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Palmer Deep Canyon (PDC) is a submarine canyon located along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The region is considered a biological hotspot due to the high number of marine predators during the austral summer. The mechanisms that drive this hotspot, however, are poorly understood. Glider and satellite-based temperature and chlorophyll measurements in the region previously suggested that upwelling of warm, nutrient-rich water was fueling phytoplankton blooms in the area. These phytoplankton blooms would support Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the region who feed on the phytoplankton blooms occurring over the canyon, providing a reliable food source for marine predator populations.Gliders deployed in the austral summer of 2015, however, illustrate that upwelling of mUCDW does not occur over PDC. Spatial decorrelation analysis of surface and deep (100 m) water masses suggest PDC is a two-layer system: a surface mixed layer that does not feel the presence of the canyon, and a deep subsurface layer that is heavily influenced by the canyon. Within this subsurface layer, isopycnal doming was present over the deepest and eastern flanks of the canyon, suggesting that subsurface circulation may be present within the canyon. A subsurface backscattering particle layer was also observed in these regions of the canyon, suggesting that retention may be present below the surface mixed layer. This led to the hypothesis that a recirculating subsurface eddy was present below the mixed layer and retaining particles in the system. Three gliders were deployed in the austral summer of 2020 to test this hypothesis. Isopycnal doming was observed in similar regions to the canyon as 2015. The subsurface particle layer was also present, but it was not as strong as it was in 2015. Opportunistic transects illustrated a distinct lack of particles outside of the canyon, indicating possible retention in the canyon. Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) simulations revealed the presence of subsurface, bathymetry-following flows forming a subsurface eddy over PDC during the austral summer. This subsurface eddy increases residence times of neutrally buoyant particles released at depth to 200 days.To test whether this subsurface feature could retain vertically migrating zooplankton, diel vertical migration (DVM) was added to particle simulations in ROMS to simulate zooplankton, using sun angle to modulate the frequency of the behavior. The addition of DVM increased simulated zooplankton residence times relative to surface residence times, with residence times increasing to nearly 30 days when zooplankton migrated down to 300 m. These residence times increased with longer days and shallower mixed layers, which we used as a proxy for the depth between the surface mixed layer and the subsurface eddy. Simulated zooplankton with DVM behavior were tracked in relationship to nearby penguin foraging areas to determine how this subsurface feature and the resulting retention impacts the biological hotspot in PDC. The canyon was removed from the model to determine its impact on zooplankton delivery. Observed foraging areas had higher overall zooplankton delivery and a larger fraction of zooplankton delivered from the subsurface eddy when PDC was present in the model and migrations were deep. This suggests that the eddy may play a key role in providing the resources to these penguin foraging areas, and possibly fueling the biological hotspot in PDC.
590 $a School code: 0060.
650 4 $a Biological oceanography. $3 2122748
650 4 $a Physical oceanography. $3 3168433
653 $a Krill
653 $a Palmer Deep Canyon
653 $a Penguin foraging
653 $a ROMS
653 $a Zooplankton
690 $a 0416
690 $a 0415
710 2 $a University of Delaware. $b Marine Studies. $3 1270038
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 83-09B.
790 $a 0060
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2022
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28964569