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Forests in Cities: Characterizing Patterns in Vegetation Composition, Structure and Management.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Forests in Cities: Characterizing Patterns in Vegetation Composition, Structure and Management./
作者:	Pregitzer, Clara Christina.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	186 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-03B.
標題:	Forestry. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28093059
ISBN:	9798538107681

Forests in Cities: Characterizing Patterns in Vegetation Composition, Structure and Management.
Pregitzer, Clara Christina.

Forests in Cities: Characterizing Patterns in Vegetation Composition, Structure and Management. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 186 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

With more than half of the world's population living in urban areas, forests have become a valuable resource to support healthy and vibrant cities. From alleviating increasing temperatures, to providing nature-based experiences for city residents; forests in cities can provide ecological, social, and economic benefits that have become a cornerstone in city sustainability and planning. However, the type, condition, and context in which urban trees grow can directly regulate these benefits. For example, trees growing in the designed environment, such as street or yard trees can be important for shade, and cooling, whereas trees growing in natural areas can be more important for habitat and nature-based experiences. While this variation is recognized, it has not been described at scale. As cities across the world are looking to expand and manage their forests, a quantitative understanding of these resources is critical to informing urban policy and management. In my dissertation I focus on quantifying and contextualizing urban natural area forests and their management. In my first chapter I test the premise that forests in cities are dominated by invasive species and are different than rural forests. I describe vegetation patterns (type, composition and structure) across all of New York City's (NYC) natural areas and compare them to forests in rural parts of New York State. In chapter two, I ask how do natural area forests compare to street trees throughout NYC? I then compare the composition, structure, biomass, and canopy cover of natural area forests to street trees and contextualize natural areas as a part of the entire urban forest. I specifically discuss how measurements and sampling strategies of urban forests have shaped our understanding of this resource. In my third chapter, I ask what factors in the urban environment could be influencing the variation in composition and structure discovered in chapter one? I quantify historical measures of land use and cover and current measures of fragmentation and disturbance and test how they relate to invasive and native vegetation across forest structural layers. In my final chapter I focus on describing the extent of natural areas in major cities across the entire US and their management systems. Overall, I found that natural area forests in NYC were dominated by native tree species and are similar in type to rural forests. However, native species proportion declines in the lower structural layers. Forests in natural areas comprised a quarter of the total tree canopy in NYC and were significantly different in composition and structure from street trees. Despite containing the majority of trees and biomass, natural area forests are not accurately quantified in the most commonly used sampling protocols. Forests with a history of human land use, edge adjacency, and altered soil had the greatest invasive species cover and lowest native basal area. Across 96 major cities in the US, I found that there are over 283,000 hectares of natural area parkland and 68% of city parkland is natural areas. But this parkland is being lost. Management systems do exist in cities across the US and the conservation of native species is valued. Across all cities major challenges to caring for healthy forests are invasive species, lack of resources, and limited data. Collectively, this is the first comprehensive documentation of vegetation patterns that spans across an entire city. I also provide the first nation-wide understanding of management of urban natural area forests. These quantitative results provide evidence that natural area forests are not degraded fragments that are dominated by invasive species. In fact, natural area forests are of high quality and a dominant type of city parkland. However, natural areas are vulnerable to the stressors of the urban environment and development and require sophisticated management. Natural area forests should be conserved in order to provide sustainable benefits to the citizens in major cities.

ISBN: 9798538107681Subjects--Topical Terms:

895157
Forestry.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Historical land use

Forests in Cities: Characterizing Patterns in Vegetation Composition, Structure and Management.
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245 1 0 $a Forests in Cities: Characterizing Patterns in Vegetation Composition, Structure and Management.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
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506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a With more than half of the world's population living in urban areas, forests have become a valuable resource to support healthy and vibrant cities. From alleviating increasing temperatures, to providing nature-based experiences for city residents; forests in cities can provide ecological, social, and economic benefits that have become a cornerstone in city sustainability and planning. However, the type, condition, and context in which urban trees grow can directly regulate these benefits. For example, trees growing in the designed environment, such as street or yard trees can be important for shade, and cooling, whereas trees growing in natural areas can be more important for habitat and nature-based experiences. While this variation is recognized, it has not been described at scale. As cities across the world are looking to expand and manage their forests, a quantitative understanding of these resources is critical to informing urban policy and management. In my dissertation I focus on quantifying and contextualizing urban natural area forests and their management. In my first chapter I test the premise that forests in cities are dominated by invasive species and are different than rural forests. I describe vegetation patterns (type, composition and structure) across all of New York City's (NYC) natural areas and compare them to forests in rural parts of New York State. In chapter two, I ask how do natural area forests compare to street trees throughout NYC? I then compare the composition, structure, biomass, and canopy cover of natural area forests to street trees and contextualize natural areas as a part of the entire urban forest. I specifically discuss how measurements and sampling strategies of urban forests have shaped our understanding of this resource. In my third chapter, I ask what factors in the urban environment could be influencing the variation in composition and structure discovered in chapter one? I quantify historical measures of land use and cover and current measures of fragmentation and disturbance and test how they relate to invasive and native vegetation across forest structural layers. In my final chapter I focus on describing the extent of natural areas in major cities across the entire US and their management systems. Overall, I found that natural area forests in NYC were dominated by native tree species and are similar in type to rural forests. However, native species proportion declines in the lower structural layers. Forests in natural areas comprised a quarter of the total tree canopy in NYC and were significantly different in composition and structure from street trees. Despite containing the majority of trees and biomass, natural area forests are not accurately quantified in the most commonly used sampling protocols. Forests with a history of human land use, edge adjacency, and altered soil had the greatest invasive species cover and lowest native basal area. Across 96 major cities in the US, I found that there are over 283,000 hectares of natural area parkland and 68% of city parkland is natural areas. But this parkland is being lost. Management systems do exist in cities across the US and the conservation of native species is valued. Across all cities major challenges to caring for healthy forests are invasive species, lack of resources, and limited data. Collectively, this is the first comprehensive documentation of vegetation patterns that spans across an entire city. I also provide the first nation-wide understanding of management of urban natural area forests. These quantitative results provide evidence that natural area forests are not degraded fragments that are dominated by invasive species. In fact, natural area forests are of high quality and a dominant type of city parkland. However, natural areas are vulnerable to the stressors of the urban environment and development and require sophisticated management. Natural area forests should be conserved in order to provide sustainable benefits to the citizens in major cities.
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