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Woman Bargaining Power and Child Health in India.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Woman Bargaining Power and Child Health in India./
Author:	Rawat, Shikha.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	124 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-12A.
Subject:	Public policy. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28541543
ISBN:	9798516098888

Woman Bargaining Power and Child Health in India.
Rawat, Shikha.

Woman Bargaining Power and Child Health in India. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 124 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

One of three malnourished children in the world reside in India and one of every three children in India suffers from under-nutrition. While the Indian government has launched many programs over the past decades to combat undernourishment, improvement has been slow. In this thesis, I seek to understand how recent changes in the Public Distribution System - the biggest subsidy program in India affect woman bargaining power in the household and its impact on child nutrition. The study contributes to the limited literature on the impact of woman bargaining power on child nutrition in South Asia especially under the lens of the impact of government programs on the two variables. To our knowledge, the impact of the Food Security Act or the PDS program on woman bargaining power and subsequently, child nutrition has not been studied prior to this study. The thesis is structured in five chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of the existing literature. We look at studies exploring woman bargaining power in the household and investment in children across the globe. We also discuss the literature specifically looking at woman's status and child health in India. In the next chapter, we start with a discussion of woman bargaining power by looking at different aspects of it and possible ways to measure it. We break down the components of woman bargaining power that we use in the study and explore time and regional trends for each category. We continue with a discussion of child nutrition measures - stunting, wasting and weight - that we use for our analysis. More specifically, we use z-scores for height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age ratios computed as per WHO growth charts to measure changes in child nutrition. To conclude, we discuss the channels through which woman bargaining power can affect child nutrition and we continue to explore this further in chapter 3 by introducing the Food Security Act. The Food Security Act of 2013 contained a key provision changing the program beneficiary to the eldest female of the household above the age of 18 instead of the eldest male. The Act thus promoted women's status in two ways - by giving them access to additional resources in terms of food-grains and other essential goods and by officially assigning them the role of 'head of household' which can contribute to changing perceptions over time. In chapter 3, we discuss the provisions of the Act, a historical overview of its effectiveness and a qualitative analysis of the channels through which it affects women's role in the household. Lastly, we undertake to measure changes in program efficiency or leakages due to policy changes using available NSSO consumer expenditure surveys and social audit data. The data used for this study are the third and fourth rounds of the National Family Health Survey in India conducted in 2005-06 and 2015-16 respectively. The policy though announced by the central government in 2013, was implemented in a staggered fashion across different states with some states completing the implementation process before the NFHS 2015-16 survey while others began implementation after the completion of the NFHS survey interviews. We discuss these implementation timing differences in greater detail in the previous chapter and utilize them here to construct our model. We begin chapter 4 by constructing an index for woman bargaining power using Multiple Correspondence Analysis and the survey questions pertaining to decision-making within the household, ability to seek health-care, access to money and mobility of the women. The index assigns a score to each woman increasing in their perceived bargaining power in the household. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find a positive effect of the policy on weight-for-age and weight-for-height measures. We also find that policy treatment is associated with a positive change in woman bargaining power with the magnitude of the change approximately equal to the affect of an additional 3-5 years of education for women. The final part of our analysis seeks to show that the policy impacts child nutrition not only through a decrease in system leakages but also through its effect on woman bargaining power. We use the leakage measures computed in chapter 3 and using policy treatment as an instrument for woman bargaining power, we find a significant and positive effect of woman bargaining power on weight-for-age and weight-for-height measures.We conclude our study with a discussion of the limitations of our study and further questions to be explored in greater detail. In chapter 5, we present our initial findings on the impact of woman bargaining power in the household on investment in 'small at birth' children. We end with a discussion of policy measures introduced by the Indian government and the importance of considering their potential impact on woman bargaining power in order to achieve the desired development outcomes.

ISBN: 9798516098888Subjects--Topical Terms:

532803
Public policy.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Development

Woman Bargaining Power and Child Health in India.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12, Section: A.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2021.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a One of three malnourished children in the world reside in India and one of every three children in India suffers from under-nutrition. While the Indian government has launched many programs over the past decades to combat undernourishment, improvement has been slow. In this thesis, I seek to understand how recent changes in the Public Distribution System - the biggest subsidy program in India affect woman bargaining power in the household and its impact on child nutrition. The study contributes to the limited literature on the impact of woman bargaining power on child nutrition in South Asia especially under the lens of the impact of government programs on the two variables. To our knowledge, the impact of the Food Security Act or the PDS program on woman bargaining power and subsequently, child nutrition has not been studied prior to this study. The thesis is structured in five chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of the existing literature. We look at studies exploring woman bargaining power in the household and investment in children across the globe. We also discuss the literature specifically looking at woman's status and child health in India. In the next chapter, we start with a discussion of woman bargaining power by looking at different aspects of it and possible ways to measure it. We break down the components of woman bargaining power that we use in the study and explore time and regional trends for each category. We continue with a discussion of child nutrition measures - stunting, wasting and weight - that we use for our analysis. More specifically, we use z-scores for height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age ratios computed as per WHO growth charts to measure changes in child nutrition. To conclude, we discuss the channels through which woman bargaining power can affect child nutrition and we continue to explore this further in chapter 3 by introducing the Food Security Act. The Food Security Act of 2013 contained a key provision changing the program beneficiary to the eldest female of the household above the age of 18 instead of the eldest male. The Act thus promoted women's status in two ways - by giving them access to additional resources in terms of food-grains and other essential goods and by officially assigning them the role of 'head of household' which can contribute to changing perceptions over time. In chapter 3, we discuss the provisions of the Act, a historical overview of its effectiveness and a qualitative analysis of the channels through which it affects women's role in the household. Lastly, we undertake to measure changes in program efficiency or leakages due to policy changes using available NSSO consumer expenditure surveys and social audit data. The data used for this study are the third and fourth rounds of the National Family Health Survey in India conducted in 2005-06 and 2015-16 respectively. The policy though announced by the central government in 2013, was implemented in a staggered fashion across different states with some states completing the implementation process before the NFHS 2015-16 survey while others began implementation after the completion of the NFHS survey interviews. We discuss these implementation timing differences in greater detail in the previous chapter and utilize them here to construct our model. We begin chapter 4 by constructing an index for woman bargaining power using Multiple Correspondence Analysis and the survey questions pertaining to decision-making within the household, ability to seek health-care, access to money and mobility of the women. The index assigns a score to each woman increasing in their perceived bargaining power in the household. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find a positive effect of the policy on weight-for-age and weight-for-height measures. We also find that policy treatment is associated with a positive change in woman bargaining power with the magnitude of the change approximately equal to the affect of an additional 3-5 years of education for women. The final part of our analysis seeks to show that the policy impacts child nutrition not only through a decrease in system leakages but also through its effect on woman bargaining power. We use the leakage measures computed in chapter 3 and using policy treatment as an instrument for woman bargaining power, we find a significant and positive effect of woman bargaining power on weight-for-age and weight-for-height measures.We conclude our study with a discussion of the limitations of our study and further questions to be explored in greater detail. In chapter 5, we present our initial findings on the impact of woman bargaining power in the household on investment in 'small at birth' children. We end with a discussion of policy measures introduced by the Indian government and the importance of considering their potential impact on woman bargaining power in order to achieve the desired development outcomes.
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653 $a Nutrition
653 $a Program evaluation
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793 $a English
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