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Bioprecipitation: The Connection Between Microbiology and Meteorology.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Bioprecipitation: The Connection Between Microbiology and Meteorology./
作者:	Joyce, Rachel Elaine.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	222 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-06, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-06B.
標題:	Microbiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27831287
ISBN:	9798698588849

Bioprecipitation: The Connection Between Microbiology and Meteorology.
Joyce, Rachel Elaine.

Bioprecipitation: The Connection Between Microbiology and Meteorology. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 222 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-06, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

At subzero temperatures warmer than approximately -36°C, the phase change of liquid water or vapor to ice requires the presence of an ice nucleating particle (INP). In the atmosphere, this process is critical to the formation of precipitation, and the INPs thought to be most important to the process are mineral dusts. However, at temperatures > -15°C, mineral dusts are not ice nucleation active only certain IN (ice nucleation) active microorganisms are known to have the capacity to catalyze freezing at these temperatures. Despite the detection of microbial INPs in clouds and precipitation, the lack of information on their diversity, spatiotemporal occurrence, and tropospheric concentrations has made deciphering their role in precipitation formation difficult. This study aims to bridge these gaps in knowledge by studying the patterns of biological INP occurrence in precipitation over a two year period; investigating the potential source environments of bacterial IN activity; and numerically simulating their microphysical activity in mixed-phase clouds to determine their contribution to precipitation formation. The results show that the highest concentrations of biological INPs in precipitation collected in the southeastern USA were sourced from distant terrestrial environments such as the high northern latitudes and East Asia, and were positively correlated with bacterial taxa not previously known to be IN-active, including genera from the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes as well as unclassified species. Novel IN-active bacteria were isolated from Mojave Desert soils and Virginia precipitation, and the strains tested significantly increased their IN activity following nitrogen- and/or carbon-limitation and incubation at 4°C, and increased IN activity was not observed a warmer incubation temperatures. The bacteria, including species of Kocuria, Paenibacillus, and Arthrobacter, were isolated from potential source environments, including soil collected from the Mojave Desert Arizona, Colorado, and precipitation collected in Virginia and Illinois. Wintertime, nimbostratus clouds produced precipitation with the highest concentrations of biological INPs, and a size-resolved analysis indicated that the majority were <0.1 μm in diameter. Numerical cloud simulations indicated that the cumulative concentrations of biological INPs active at ≥ -10°C estimated within nimbostratus clouds (~1 biological INP m-3) enhanced precipitation formation in the events analyzed. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ecology and diversity of IN-active bacteria may be much broader than previously thought, and that arid regions and/or high northern latitudes may be significant sources of biological INPs that have the potential to influence precipitation formation thousands of kilometers from their emission source.

ISBN: 9798698588849Subjects--Topical Terms:

536250
Microbiology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Airborne Microbiology

Bioprecipitation: The Connection Between Microbiology and Meteorology.
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100 1 $a Joyce, Rachel Elaine. $3 3685404
245 1 0 $a Bioprecipitation: The Connection Between Microbiology and Meteorology.
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300 $a 222 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-06, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Christner, Brent C.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a At subzero temperatures warmer than approximately -36°C, the phase change of liquid water or vapor to ice requires the presence of an ice nucleating particle (INP). In the atmosphere, this process is critical to the formation of precipitation, and the INPs thought to be most important to the process are mineral dusts. However, at temperatures > -15°C, mineral dusts are not ice nucleation active only certain IN (ice nucleation) active microorganisms are known to have the capacity to catalyze freezing at these temperatures. Despite the detection of microbial INPs in clouds and precipitation, the lack of information on their diversity, spatiotemporal occurrence, and tropospheric concentrations has made deciphering their role in precipitation formation difficult. This study aims to bridge these gaps in knowledge by studying the patterns of biological INP occurrence in precipitation over a two year period; investigating the potential source environments of bacterial IN activity; and numerically simulating their microphysical activity in mixed-phase clouds to determine their contribution to precipitation formation. The results show that the highest concentrations of biological INPs in precipitation collected in the southeastern USA were sourced from distant terrestrial environments such as the high northern latitudes and East Asia, and were positively correlated with bacterial taxa not previously known to be IN-active, including genera from the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes as well as unclassified species. Novel IN-active bacteria were isolated from Mojave Desert soils and Virginia precipitation, and the strains tested significantly increased their IN activity following nitrogen- and/or carbon-limitation and incubation at 4°C, and increased IN activity was not observed a warmer incubation temperatures. The bacteria, including species of Kocuria, Paenibacillus, and Arthrobacter, were isolated from potential source environments, including soil collected from the Mojave Desert Arizona, Colorado, and precipitation collected in Virginia and Illinois. Wintertime, nimbostratus clouds produced precipitation with the highest concentrations of biological INPs, and a size-resolved analysis indicated that the majority were <0.1 μm in diameter. Numerical cloud simulations indicated that the cumulative concentrations of biological INPs active at ≥ -10°C estimated within nimbostratus clouds (~1 biological INP m-3) enhanced precipitation formation in the events analyzed. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ecology and diversity of IN-active bacteria may be much broader than previously thought, and that arid regions and/or high northern latitudes may be significant sources of biological INPs that have the potential to influence precipitation formation thousands of kilometers from their emission source.
590 $a School code: 0070.
650 4 $a Microbiology. $3 536250
650 4 $a Atmospheric sciences. $3 3168354
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Meteorology. $3 542822
653 $a Airborne Microbiology
653 $a Biological Ice nucleation
653 $a Environmental Microbiology
653 $a Microbial ecology
653 $a Precipitation
690 $a 0410
690 $a 0725
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690 $a 0557
710 2 $a University of Florida. $b Microbiology and Cell Science. $3 3685405
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 82-06B.
790 $a 0070
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2020
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27831287