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Life History Evolution in Cyclical Environments.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Life History Evolution in Cyclical Environments./
作者:	Park, John Sookwon.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	139 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-04B.
標題:	Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28546742
ISBN:	9798460457588

Life History Evolution in Cyclical Environments.
Park, John Sookwon.

Life History Evolution in Cyclical Environments. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 139 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

All environments in nature fluctuate, and a globally common mode of fluctuation is cyclical: daily, tidal, seasonal, and even decadal. Organisms must adapt the scheduling of their life cycles-or 'life-histories'-to fit the cycles of the physical environments in which they reside, as the right timing is crucial for their evolutionary fitness. At the seasonal timescale, the familiar timing of biological activity is called phenology, and shifts in phenology are now deemed as the most conspicuous consequence of global climate change. Case studies of phenological change, however, seem idiosyncratic and incongruent, highlighting how little we still understand about life-cycle adaptations to fundamental temporal cycles in the environment.My doctoral work has focused on tackling this urgent issue using a three-pronged approach of theory, fieldwork, and experiment. At the center of it, I formulated a mathematical approach to modelling and analyzing the evolutionary process of life-history timing, and how ecology (e.g. population dynamics or changes in the underlying environmental cycle) influences such evolutionary processes. Notably, this approach is scale-free in that it can be applied to daily, tidal, seasonal, multiannual cycles, or any period length in between, and is easily adjustable for any species of interest given simple parameterization. I showed the conceptual implications of the theory as it connects to the literatures of life-history evolution and population ecology. Then, I demonstrated the model framework's power by parameterizing it for a particular species, a marine intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus, for which I determined data can be accrued at amounts and speeds that are rarely high for life-history studies of wild populations. I showed that the theoretical framework had surprisingly strong predictive power in explaining patterns of life-history variation in wild populations.To more rigorously test the mean / variance dynamics of evolution of life-history traits, I conducted a long-term selection experiment with T. californicus populations in the laboratory and found that cycle periodicity is an exceedingly strong driver of intrapopulation trait variance, even more so than random noise in the environment. This result adds a novel contribution to the broadly relevant topic of how phenotypic variation is maintained in natural populations. To strengthen the bridge between theory and empirical work, I conducted an agent-based model that corroborated that slower (higher periodicity) environments increase life history variance in dynamic populations, and that the trajectory of trait distributions through transient and long-term phases is heavily influenced by environmental periodicity. Altogether, my work highlights that the typical stochastic characterizations of fluctuating environments--largely enforced by mathematical convenience--are insufficient in predicting and analyzing the evolution of life histories in dynamic populations which often reside in cyclically fluctuating environments.

ISBN: 9798460457588Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Cyclical environments

Life History Evolution in Cyclical Environments.
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300 $a 139 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-04, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Wootton, John T.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2021.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a All environments in nature fluctuate, and a globally common mode of fluctuation is cyclical: daily, tidal, seasonal, and even decadal. Organisms must adapt the scheduling of their life cycles-or 'life-histories'-to fit the cycles of the physical environments in which they reside, as the right timing is crucial for their evolutionary fitness. At the seasonal timescale, the familiar timing of biological activity is called phenology, and shifts in phenology are now deemed as the most conspicuous consequence of global climate change. Case studies of phenological change, however, seem idiosyncratic and incongruent, highlighting how little we still understand about life-cycle adaptations to fundamental temporal cycles in the environment.My doctoral work has focused on tackling this urgent issue using a three-pronged approach of theory, fieldwork, and experiment. At the center of it, I formulated a mathematical approach to modelling and analyzing the evolutionary process of life-history timing, and how ecology (e.g. population dynamics or changes in the underlying environmental cycle) influences such evolutionary processes. Notably, this approach is scale-free in that it can be applied to daily, tidal, seasonal, multiannual cycles, or any period length in between, and is easily adjustable for any species of interest given simple parameterization. I showed the conceptual implications of the theory as it connects to the literatures of life-history evolution and population ecology. Then, I demonstrated the model framework's power by parameterizing it for a particular species, a marine intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus, for which I determined data can be accrued at amounts and speeds that are rarely high for life-history studies of wild populations. I showed that the theoretical framework had surprisingly strong predictive power in explaining patterns of life-history variation in wild populations.To more rigorously test the mean / variance dynamics of evolution of life-history traits, I conducted a long-term selection experiment with T. californicus populations in the laboratory and found that cycle periodicity is an exceedingly strong driver of intrapopulation trait variance, even more so than random noise in the environment. This result adds a novel contribution to the broadly relevant topic of how phenotypic variation is maintained in natural populations. To strengthen the bridge between theory and empirical work, I conducted an agent-based model that corroborated that slower (higher periodicity) environments increase life history variance in dynamic populations, and that the trajectory of trait distributions through transient and long-term phases is heavily influenced by environmental periodicity. Altogether, my work highlights that the typical stochastic characterizations of fluctuating environments--largely enforced by mathematical convenience--are insufficient in predicting and analyzing the evolution of life histories in dynamic populations which often reside in cyclically fluctuating environments.
590 $a School code: 0330.
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Biological oceanography. $3 2122748
650 4 $a Evolution & development. $3 3172418
653 $a Cyclical environments
653 $a Evolutionary demography
653 $a Intraspecific variation
653 $a Life history evolution
653 $a Phenology
653 $a Population ecology
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0416
690 $a 0412
710 2 $a The University of Chicago. $b Evolutionary Biology. $3 1684057
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 83-04B.
790 $a 0330
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2021
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28546742