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Preference and Motivation for Solitude in Adulthood: Antecedents, Consequences, and a Developmental Perspective.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Preference and Motivation for Solitude in Adulthood: Antecedents, Consequences, and a Developmental Perspective./
作者:	Yuan, Jing.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	122 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-05B.
標題:	Parents & parenting. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28747755
ISBN:	9798494448507

Preference and Motivation for Solitude in Adulthood: Antecedents, Consequences, and a Developmental Perspective.
Yuan, Jing.

Preference and Motivation for Solitude in Adulthood: Antecedents, Consequences, and a Developmental Perspective. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 122 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Defined as the absence of physical social interaction, solitude is often equated to negative outcomes such as loneliness. However, solitude is an inevitable part in daily life and has positive consequences. Whether one can benefit from solitude may depend on the attitudes towards solitude. The attitudes towards solitude could be multidimensional with affective components such as the preference for solitude and cognitive components such as the reasons or motivations behind the inclination towards solitude. However, it is less clear how the preferences and motivations for solitude associate with each other (i.e., multidimensional), whether they develop in the same direction across adulthood phases (i.e., multidirectional), whether they result in different outcomes (i.e., multifunctional) and result from different factors (i.e., multicausal), and whether they change under a socio-historical event (i.e., contextual). The purpose of the current two studies was to investigate the potential antecedents and consequences of attitudes towards solitude from early to middle adulthood (i.e., emerging adults, established adults, and midlife adults) from a lifespan developmental perspective (i.e., the role of adulthood phases and the historical event).In Study 1, 465 adults in emerging adulthood (aged 18-29), established adulthood (aged 30-45), and midlife adulthood (aged 46-64) from Amazon Mechanical Turk and an undergraduate class (age range: 18-64, mean = 30.3, SD = 11.6; 50.3% female, 49.2% male, 0.4% other) were recruited from Oct.-Dec. 2019. Preference and motivations for solitude were measured with the Preference for Solitude Scale and the Motivation for Solitude Scale-Short Form. Depressive symptoms, loneliness, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, contact frequency, and activity engagement were assessed as potential consequences. Demographic variables, living arrangement, functional limitation, introversion, control, attachment, and empathy were assessed as potential antecedents. In Study 2, 144 participants (age range: 21-72, mean = 41.2, SD = 12.4; 53.5% female, 45.1% male, 1.4% other) from MTurk who participated in the Study 1 were followed up after one and a half years. Measures for preference and motivations for solitude and outcome variables were the same as Study 1. Pandemic-related variables (i.e., contact frequency, losses, social support, perceived threats, and coping strategies) were assessed as predictors.Study 1 found that the preference for solitude remained a unique predictor for socioemotional outcomes after removing the indirect effects from the motivations for solitude (i.e., multidimensionality). For the multidirectionality, both preference for solitude and controlled motivation peaked in established adulthood, and no group differences were found in self-determined motivation (Study 1). Both Study 1 and 2 showed that preference for solitude related to down-regulation in affect, lower social engagement, and mildly compromised wellbeing; controlled motivation was consistently and robustly associated with worse well-being; and self-determined motivation was consistently associated with better well-being across adulthood phases (i.e., multifunctionality). In addition, changes in attitudes, especially controlled motivation, were strong predictors for changes in well-being outcomes but not changes in social outcomes (Study 2). For the antecedents, psychological factors were better predictors than sociodemographic factors, and there were different antecedences for different aspects of attitudes towards solitude in each adulthood phase (multicausality). Although the attitudes towards solitude did not change in a consistent direction in the sample level under the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, change in contact frequency, the number of losses, and coping with solitary activities were significant predictors for changes in attitudes towards solitude.In all, the current studies provided both cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence for the potential antecedents and consequences of attitudes towards solitude in adulthood. Future interventions on well-being should focus on controlled motivation and established adults. Improving capacity in solitude could be a future direction for interventions aimed at boosting positive motivation and alleviating negative motivation for solitude.

ISBN: 9798494448507Subjects--Topical Terms:

3562799
Parents & parenting.

Preference and Motivation for Solitude in Adulthood: Antecedents, Consequences, and a Developmental Perspective.
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