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Establishment of an Introduced Population of Critically Endangered Yellow-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) in Hong Kong.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Establishment of an Introduced Population of Critically Endangered Yellow-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) in Hong Kong./
作者:	Wang, Sifeng.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	233 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-03B.
標題:	Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28736038
ISBN:	9798535514642

Establishment of an Introduced Population of Critically Endangered Yellow-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) in Hong Kong.
Wang, Sifeng.

Establishment of an Introduced Population of Critically Endangered Yellow-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) in Hong Kong. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 233 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Hong Kong), 2020.

Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphrea) provides an interesting case for investigating such a conservation paradox that a critically endangered species introduced to a non-native area is likely to establish in the exotic location. The native population of Yellow-crested Cockatoo has decreased precipitously, and the decline, driven by habitat loss and massive bird trade, is still ongoing. The cockatoos have been introduced to Hong Kong for more than half century, and a feral population originated from release or escape has been found in the urban green spaces for decades. However, there is a lack of information to determine whether the species has established or will establish to sustain a viable population in Hong Kong. It is also difficult to make appropriate management schemes regarding their correct status. Therefore, I aimed to provide baseline biological and ecological data on its distribution, population as well as breeding, nesting, feeding and roosting behaviours, to predict its establishment success, as well as find out the associated key factors. My major findings are as follows. (1) Using the presence-absence data, I conducted an occupancy model incorporating the imperfect detectivity to investigate the spatial pattern of Yellow-crested Cockatoo, and found that it was still largely restricted to the released hotspots on north Hong Kong Island where the population was originated from, though small flocks were likely to slowly expand to adjacent areas. (2) Based on field observations, I identified the breeding season, breeding cycles, and assessed the parental care investment and reproductive fecundity. The results supported that Yellow-crested Cockatoo adopted a slow life history, which was reflected by a low clutch size and fledgling size. The mortality of juvenile was high, possibly resulted from predation, conspecific competition and diseases. Besides, nest hollows were found to be limiting resources for the cockatoos in urban areas. (3) I examined its preference on hollow trees, hollow dimension and surrounding habitats. Yellow-crested Cockatoo preferred large and tall trees with straight trunk for nesting, and favoured hollows with a narrow entrance. Nonetheless, nest destruction caused by intensive tree management was the major threat impeding its breeding in the urban areas. (4) Based on my field observations, Yellow-crested Cockatoo fed on as many as 30 plant species and had a moderate niche breadth. This indicated that Yellow-crested Cockatoo was a generalist feeder with flexible diet in a non-native urban environment. Besides, the cockatoos preferred feeding alone or in small flocks, which was consistent with the low conspecific attraction rate in feeding. Bombax ceiba was ecologically significant to Yellow-crested Cockatoo, which not only provided different food types throughout the year, but also served as the major venue for take-away food. (5) Regarding their most conspicuous social behaviour, i.e. communal roosting, Yellow-crested Cockatoo usually roosted in large flocks with a peak count of 102 individuals in non-breeding season. Its roost sites changed across seasons, which was possibly related to food source, predation avoidance, and temperature stress. Microclimate habitat selection on roost site might be an important mechanism to cope with low temperature stress in winter months. (6) The advantageous characteristics to adapt to exotic environment by Yellow-crested Cockatoo did not guarantee establishment success. Population viability analysis (PVA) predicted that this exotic population was less likely to establish in Hong Kong in the next 100 years, as limited by juvenile mortality, fledgling size and hollow-dependent breeding females per breeding season. Despite the damages done on plants, the negative impact on the host environment from the cockatoos was of minor importance. In view of the threats they are facing, a long-term monitoring on breeding and hollow availability, and an appropriate and conservation-oriented management strategy should be adopted. This study has filled in the information gap of this exotic population of Yellow-crested Cockatoo, and showed the potential significance on the ex-situ conservation of its endangered counterparts in Indonesia.

ISBN: 9798535514642Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Introduced population

Establishment of an Introduced Population of Critically Endangered Yellow-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) in Hong Kong.
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300 $a 233 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
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520 $a Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphrea) provides an interesting case for investigating such a conservation paradox that a critically endangered species introduced to a non-native area is likely to establish in the exotic location. The native population of Yellow-crested Cockatoo has decreased precipitously, and the decline, driven by habitat loss and massive bird trade, is still ongoing. The cockatoos have been introduced to Hong Kong for more than half century, and a feral population originated from release or escape has been found in the urban green spaces for decades. However, there is a lack of information to determine whether the species has established or will establish to sustain a viable population in Hong Kong. It is also difficult to make appropriate management schemes regarding their correct status. Therefore, I aimed to provide baseline biological and ecological data on its distribution, population as well as breeding, nesting, feeding and roosting behaviours, to predict its establishment success, as well as find out the associated key factors. My major findings are as follows. (1) Using the presence-absence data, I conducted an occupancy model incorporating the imperfect detectivity to investigate the spatial pattern of Yellow-crested Cockatoo, and found that it was still largely restricted to the released hotspots on north Hong Kong Island where the population was originated from, though small flocks were likely to slowly expand to adjacent areas. (2) Based on field observations, I identified the breeding season, breeding cycles, and assessed the parental care investment and reproductive fecundity. The results supported that Yellow-crested Cockatoo adopted a slow life history, which was reflected by a low clutch size and fledgling size. The mortality of juvenile was high, possibly resulted from predation, conspecific competition and diseases. Besides, nest hollows were found to be limiting resources for the cockatoos in urban areas. (3) I examined its preference on hollow trees, hollow dimension and surrounding habitats. Yellow-crested Cockatoo preferred large and tall trees with straight trunk for nesting, and favoured hollows with a narrow entrance. Nonetheless, nest destruction caused by intensive tree management was the major threat impeding its breeding in the urban areas. (4) Based on my field observations, Yellow-crested Cockatoo fed on as many as 30 plant species and had a moderate niche breadth. This indicated that Yellow-crested Cockatoo was a generalist feeder with flexible diet in a non-native urban environment. Besides, the cockatoos preferred feeding alone or in small flocks, which was consistent with the low conspecific attraction rate in feeding. Bombax ceiba was ecologically significant to Yellow-crested Cockatoo, which not only provided different food types throughout the year, but also served as the major venue for take-away food. (5) Regarding their most conspicuous social behaviour, i.e. communal roosting, Yellow-crested Cockatoo usually roosted in large flocks with a peak count of 102 individuals in non-breeding season. Its roost sites changed across seasons, which was possibly related to food source, predation avoidance, and temperature stress. Microclimate habitat selection on roost site might be an important mechanism to cope with low temperature stress in winter months. (6) The advantageous characteristics to adapt to exotic environment by Yellow-crested Cockatoo did not guarantee establishment success. Population viability analysis (PVA) predicted that this exotic population was less likely to establish in Hong Kong in the next 100 years, as limited by juvenile mortality, fledgling size and hollow-dependent breeding females per breeding season. Despite the damages done on plants, the negative impact on the host environment from the cockatoos was of minor importance. In view of the threats they are facing, a long-term monitoring on breeding and hollow availability, and an appropriate and conservation-oriented management strategy should be adopted. This study has filled in the information gap of this exotic population of Yellow-crested Cockatoo, and showed the potential significance on the ex-situ conservation of its endangered counterparts in Indonesia.
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650 4 $a Conservation biology. $3 535736
650 4 $a Wildlife management. $3 571816
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650 4 $a Wildlife conservation. $2 fast $3 542165
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650 4 $a Habitats. $3 3564192
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653 $a Hong Kong
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