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Social Good, Fairness, and Efficiency in Operations Management.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Social Good, Fairness, and Efficiency in Operations Management./
作者:	Warnes, Xavier Sebastian.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	120 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-03B.
標題:	Freelance. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28688327
ISBN:	9798544203568

Social Good, Fairness, and Efficiency in Operations Management.
Warnes, Xavier Sebastian.

Social Good, Fairness, and Efficiency in Operations Management. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 120 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the Operations community in studying problems that balance the maximization of profits and efficiency with notions of fairness (e.g., Bertsimas et al. 2011, 2012) and environmental sustainability (e.g., Kleindorfer et al. 2005, Lee and Tang 2018). In this thesis, we present two works that contribute to this growing literature. The first chapter, coauthored with Yonatan Gur and Dan Iancu, studies the trade-offs between efficiency and guarantees to providers that may arise from equity or fairness considerations. In the second chapter, coauthored with Dan Iancu and Erica Plambeck, we investigate how increasing smallholder farmers' welfare through intensification can affect tropical forest conservation. We provide a more detailed description of each chapter below.Value Loss in Allocation Systems with Provider Guarantees: Many operational settings share the following three features: (i) a centralized planning system allocates tasks to workers or service providers, (ii) the providers generate value by completing the tasks, and (iii) the completion of tasks influences the providers' welfare. In such cases, the planning system's allocations often entail trade-offs between the service providers' welfare and the total value that is generated (or that accrues to the system itself), and concern arises that allocations that are good under one metric may perform poorly under the other. In this chapter we propose a broad framework for quantifying the magnitude of value losses when allocations are restricted to satisfy certain desirable guarantees to the service providers. We consider a general class of guarantees that includes many considerations of practical interest arising, e.g., in the design of sustainable two-sided markets, in workforce welfare and compensation, or in sourcing and payments in supply chains, among other application domains. We derive tight bounds on the relative value loss, and show that this loss is limited for any restriction included in our general class. Our analysis shows that when many providers are present, the largest losses are driven by fairness considerations, whereas when few providers are present, they are driven by the heterogeneity in the providers' effectiveness to generate value; when providers are perfectly homogeneous, the losses never exceed 50%. We study additional loss drivers and find that less variability in the value of jobs and a more balanced supply-demand ratio may lead to larger losses. Lastly, we demonstrate numerically using both real-world and synthetic data that the loss can be small in several cases of practical interest.Improving Smallholder Welfare While Preserving Natural Forest: Intensification vs Deforestation. Increasing the welfare of smallholder farmers in developing countries plays a crucial role in the global effort to reduce worldwide poverty and hunger. On the one hand, smallholders represent a large proportion of the world's poor and, on the other, they produce the majority of the food consumed in developing countries. This realization has led governments and organizations around the world to implement policies aimed at increasing farmers' yields. Although most of these policies have resulted in welfare increases, the environmental effects have been varied. While in many settings intensification policies have been linked to a decrease in deforestation, in many other settings the reverse is true.

ISBN: 9798544203568Subjects--Topical Terms:

3555329
Freelance.

Social Good, Fairness, and Efficiency in Operations Management.
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520 $a In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the Operations community in studying problems that balance the maximization of profits and efficiency with notions of fairness (e.g., Bertsimas et al. 2011, 2012) and environmental sustainability (e.g., Kleindorfer et al. 2005, Lee and Tang 2018). In this thesis, we present two works that contribute to this growing literature. The first chapter, coauthored with Yonatan Gur and Dan Iancu, studies the trade-offs between efficiency and guarantees to providers that may arise from equity or fairness considerations. In the second chapter, coauthored with Dan Iancu and Erica Plambeck, we investigate how increasing smallholder farmers' welfare through intensification can affect tropical forest conservation. We provide a more detailed description of each chapter below.Value Loss in Allocation Systems with Provider Guarantees: Many operational settings share the following three features: (i) a centralized planning system allocates tasks to workers or service providers, (ii) the providers generate value by completing the tasks, and (iii) the completion of tasks influences the providers' welfare. In such cases, the planning system's allocations often entail trade-offs between the service providers' welfare and the total value that is generated (or that accrues to the system itself), and concern arises that allocations that are good under one metric may perform poorly under the other. In this chapter we propose a broad framework for quantifying the magnitude of value losses when allocations are restricted to satisfy certain desirable guarantees to the service providers. We consider a general class of guarantees that includes many considerations of practical interest arising, e.g., in the design of sustainable two-sided markets, in workforce welfare and compensation, or in sourcing and payments in supply chains, among other application domains. We derive tight bounds on the relative value loss, and show that this loss is limited for any restriction included in our general class. Our analysis shows that when many providers are present, the largest losses are driven by fairness considerations, whereas when few providers are present, they are driven by the heterogeneity in the providers' effectiveness to generate value; when providers are perfectly homogeneous, the losses never exceed 50%. We study additional loss drivers and find that less variability in the value of jobs and a more balanced supply-demand ratio may lead to larger losses. Lastly, we demonstrate numerically using both real-world and synthetic data that the loss can be small in several cases of practical interest.Improving Smallholder Welfare While Preserving Natural Forest: Intensification vs Deforestation. Increasing the welfare of smallholder farmers in developing countries plays a crucial role in the global effort to reduce worldwide poverty and hunger. On the one hand, smallholders represent a large proportion of the world's poor and, on the other, they produce the majority of the food consumed in developing countries. This realization has led governments and organizations around the world to implement policies aimed at increasing farmers' yields. Although most of these policies have resulted in welfare increases, the environmental effects have been varied. While in many settings intensification policies have been linked to a decrease in deforestation, in many other settings the reverse is true.
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